Process bus communication has an important role to digitalize substations. The IEC 61850-9-2 standard specifies the requirements to transmit digital data over Ethernet networks. The paper analyses the impact of IEC 61850-9-2LE on physical protections with (analog-digital) input data of voltage and current. With the increased interaction between physical devices and communication components, the test proposes a communication analysis for a substation with the conventional method (analog input) and digital method based on the IEC 61850 standard. The use of IEC 61850 as the basis for smart grids includes the use of merging units (MUs) and deployment of relays based on microprocessors. The paper analyses the merging unit's functions for relays using IEC 61850-9-2LE. The proposed method defines the sampled measured values source and analysis of the traffic. By using neural net pattern recognition that solves the pattern recognition problem, a relation between the inputs (number of samples/ms-interval time between the packets) and the source of the data is found. The benefit of this approach is to reduce the time to test the merging unit by getting the feedback from the merging unit and using the neural network to get the data structure of the publisher IED. Tests examine the GOOSE message and performance using the IEC standard based on a network traffic perspective.Reference [6] proposes solutions to integrate IEC 61850 communication with the meters and their communication interfaces. This work implemented a complete smart grid realized on the basis of IEC standards. As further discussed in this work, the number of integrated units that can be used for monitoring and control purposes in the power system is quite small, and that means that there is also need for developed techniques for data handling to achieve realize smart distribution [7].Research work has been presented in [8] analyzing the various communications options for scalable deployment of smart grid services. As stated in [8], the authors used the software-defined utility (SDU) concept to obtain automated management of the smart grid.Reference [9] focused on the communications capabilities in traditional protections with the ability to use other technologies like WiFi and 3G for signal communication in real time. Several research articles [10,11] have proposed methods to develop self-healing functionality in smart grids using IEC 61850.Reference [12] proposed a laboratory test bed for comparing the performance of digital, hybrid and traditional substations. The experiment focused on the hard in the loop test with traditional current and voltage-operated protection relays and with sampled measured values according to IEC 61850-9-2LE. The comparison found that the relay protection function performance is very similar to that of classical substations, with the advantage of the data transmission in digital form.Reference [13] focused on the configuration of IEC 61850 GOOSE service for easy implementation with electric protection systems; the authors proposed a...

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IEC 61850 standard has achieved the required development for the communication in the Substation Automation Systems (SASs) by allowing to apply the high-speed peer-to-peer communications that is the basis of metering, control and protection applications in SASs. Nevertheless, an appropriate test method for performance testing of IEC 61850 compatible with protection relays and systems is an urgent need to ensure the protection functions of relays will operate as designed. This paper reviews requirements (software and physical devices) of the conventional protective relay testing and the performance testing of IEC 61850 based-relays. It also describes a comparison between the functional testing of conventional IEDs and testing of communications based IEDs.

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