We compared survival and tag retention of Alewives Alosa pseudoharengus tagged with PIT tags, using intraperitoneal (IP) surgical implants, gastric implants (GI), and untagged controls held for 38 d. Retention was 100% for IP‐tagged Alewives and 98% for GI‐tagged implants. No significant difference in survival was observed among any of these groups. These results lend support to the use of PIT telemetry for studying fish passage and migration of anadromous herring. Both methods hold promise for improving estimates of freshwater survival of adult anadromous clupeids; further research should make it also possible to refine estimates of adult marine survival. Received February 4, 2013; accepted May 29, 2013

Upstream fish passage was evaluated during 12 months in the vertical-slot Igarapava Fish Ladder constructed around Igarapava Dam, in the heavily dammed Grande River, Southeast Brazil. A video monitoring system was used to observe 61,621 fish that passed the ladder, of which 93.5% were identified to 15 taxa. Among the migratory species, the most abundant were Pimelodus maculatus (33.6% of all fish), Leporinus octofasciatus (31.4%), Leporinus friderici (4.5%), and Prochilodus lineatus (3.1%). Seven taxa were classified as nonmigratory, and of these taxa, the small Bryconamericus stramineus was the most abundant (12.7%) of all fishes. Passage of the 'nonmigratory' taxa upstream in the ladder shows they are migratory in this system and have a strong behavioural drive to move to upstream habitat. Passage of most taxa had a strong seasonal pattern. While some species passed primarily during the day, others showed a distinct nocturnal pattern. Lunar phase and water temperature also strongly affected passage of some taxa. Rainfall and dam discharge had a small or null influence on most taxa; perhaps due to the fairly small catchment area of the reservoir and the highly regulated discharge at Igarapava Dam.

ABSTRACT. The first otlicial occurrence of the exotic species Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in the Rio Paraopeba (Sao Francisco river basin), the Rio Grande (Parana river basin), and the Rio Doce (Doce river basin), is reported, with comments on the possible ecological consequences and on the conservation of freshwater fish biodiversity due to non-native species introductions.

On site human observations and video images were collected and compared at the window of the Igarapava Dam fish ladder (IDFL), rio Grande , Southeastern Brazil, between March 1 st and June 30 th , 2004. We conducted four experiments with two humans (Observer 1 and Observer 2) observing fish passage in the IDFL window while a Sony 3CCD video camera (Observer 3) recorded fish passage at the same time. Experiments, each one hour in length, were distributed throughout the diel cycle using full spectrum lights. We identified fish species, the number of individuals for each species, and the real time that they passed. Counts from each human observer were compared to the video counts. The fish species most commonly observed in the window were -curimba (Prochilodus lineatus), mandi-amarelo (Pimelodus maculatus), piau-três-pintas (Leporinus friderici) and ferreirinha (Leporinus octofasciatus). The number of species and individuals were indistinguishable for the three observers. But, the number of species and individuals were significantly different among experiments. Thus, the three observers register the same number of species and count the same number of individuals even when these two response variables differ significantly among experiments. Based on these results, we concluded that the video count was an accurate method to assess fish passage at the IDFL.Observações in loco e vídeo filmagens foram coletadas na janela da escada de peixes da UHE Igarapava (EPUG), rio Grande, sudeste do Brasil, entre 1 o de março e 30 junho de 2004. Realizaram-se quatro experimentos com dois observadores humanos (Observador 1 e Observador 2) que observaram a passagem de peixes na janela da EPUG enquanto uma vídeo câmera Sony 3CCD (Observador 3) registrou simultaneamente a passagem de peixes. Os dois observadores humanos registraram in situ a passagem de peixes no visor da escada enquanto a câmera os filmava ao mesmo tempo. Os experimentos, cada um com uma hora de duração, foram realizados durante o ciclo diário, utilizando-se iluminação de espectro completo. Registraram-se as espécies, o número de indivíduos e o horário de passagem. Os registros de cada observador humano in situ foram comparados com os dos vídeos. Consideraram-se curimba (Prochilodus lineatus), mandi-amarelo (Pimelodus maculatus), piau-três-pintas (Leporinus friderici) e ferreirinha (Leporinus octofasciatus) como espécies alvo, tendo em vista sua alta freqüência de ocorrência na escada de peixes da UHE Igarapava. O número de espécies e o número de indivíduos não foram estatisticamente diferentes entre observadores. Por outro lado, o número de espécies e o número de indivíduos que passaram pelo visor foram estatisticamente diferentes entre experimentos. Assim, demonstrou-se que os três observadores registraram o mesmo número de espécies e contaram o mesmo número de indivíduos, mesmo quando as duas variáveis diferiram significativamente entre experimentos. Concluiu-se que o sistema de vídeo imagem constitui um método eficaz para avaliação da passagem de peixes na escada ...

Brycon nattereri (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae), a threatened South American freshwater fish, occurs in the Paraná, Tocantins and São Francisco river basins in central Brazil. It is a middle-sized (up to 50 cm SL), omnivorous species, which occurs in swift, clear-water rivers with wellpreserved riparian vegetation. Main threats to the species are water pollution, dam building, and deforestation. Keywords Brycon nattereri . Characidae . Brazil . Conservation Common name: Pirapitinga. Conservation status: Officially "vulnerable" in Brazil (Rosa and Lima 2005). Identification: Middle-sized (<30 cm SL), silvery body, humeral-and caudal-peduncle blotches, 46-55 lateral-line scales. Breeding males develop anal-fin hooklets (Lima 2001). Distribution: Upper Paraná (UP), São Francisco (SF), upper Tocantins (UT) river basins, Brazil.Abundance: Originally common, but now extirpated from most UP and SF river basins (Lima et al. in press).Habitat and ecology: Restricted to clear-water, middle-sized rivers, with moderate to swift current with intact riparian vegetation. It does not occur in large floodplain rivers. In UT the diet was composed Environ Biol Fish (