International audienceThe goal of our study was to identify pharmaceuticals, their potential sources and consumption level in two different socioeconomic and geographical regions--Bordeaux, France and Kharkiv, Ukraine. These substances were monitored in rivers water during contrasted seasonal conditions with application of passive samplers. The 21 pharmaceuticals (psychiatric drugs: alprazolam, amitriptyline, diazepam, fluoxetine, nordiazepam, carbamazepine, bromazepam; analgesics: aspirin, paracetamol; broncholidator: clenbuterol, salbutamol, terbutaline; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug: diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen; lipid regulator: gemfibrozil; stimulants: caffeine, theophylline) were identified in sites upstream and downstream of urban areas and discharge of wastewaters. Caffeine, carbamazepine, and diclofenac were relatively abundant into the surface water and could be considered as potential anthropogenic markers of wastewater discharges into rivers. A mass balance modeling has been applied to calculate approximate consumption rates for carbamazepine, diclofenac, and caffeine in both regions to assess socio-economic factors linked with pharmaceuticals behavior

Nitrate contamination of surface water and shallow groundwater was studied in transboundary (Russia/Ukraine) catchment with heterogeneous land use. Dominant sources of nitrate contamination were determined by applying a dual δ N-NO and δ O-NO isotope approach, multivariate statistics, and land use analysis. Nitrate concentration was highly variable from 0.25 to 22 mg L in surface water and from 0.5 to 100 mg L in groundwater. The applied method indicated that sewage to surface water and sewage and manure to groundwater were dominant sources of nitrate contamination. Nitrate/chloride molar ratio was added to support the dual isotope signature and indicated the contribution of fertilizers to the nitrate content in groundwater. Groundwater temperature was found to be an additional indicator of manure and sewerage leaks in the shallow aquifer which has limited protection and is vulnerable to groundwater pollution.

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Integrated criterion for sustainability evaluation of water use in Ukraine is developed. Thecriterion is based on the economic (GDP), environmental (water use, wastewater treatment)and social indicators (population, water consumption). Current situation of water use andwastewater treatment in all regions of Ukraine has been analyzed. Influences ofenvironmental, economic and social indexes of water use sustainability for every region ofUkraine have been estimated. Critical points of water use sustainability improvement forevery region have been found.

The paper focuses on the identification of trends and perspectives of fuelwood production in most countries of Europe. The shortages in forest territories per capita have been considered as forest poverty and the level of forest poverty has been measured. The indicator of fuelwood production intensity, which is defined as fuelwood production per hectare has been evaluated for every country under consideration. The EU countries have been classified by fuelwood production effectiveness and forest poverty. Trends of fuelwood production have been determined and the forecast of fuelwood production have been developed for selected countries.