The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of the application of mixtures containing various combinations of humic substances, with herbicides and nitrogen fertilizers, in weed control and optimizing the plant nutrition system. We also aimed to evaluate the influence of these substances on winter wheat productivity. Five Ukrainian winter wheat cultivars (‘Kryzhynka,’ ‘Smuhlyanka,’ ‘Slavna,’ ‘Kubus,’ and ‘Mulan’) were sown in a randomized complete block design, with three replications, in the years 2014–2019. The analysis of the effect of the compositions containing herbicides, with various physiologically active substances, in a mixture with humic preparations (Humifield, 4R Foliar concentrate) was performed by counting weeds per square meter in each experimental plot. The best performance in weed control, including perennial species, was obtained from using a mixture of Grodil Maxi herbicide with the humic preparation, Humifield. The crop treatment of this mixture resulted in a 23.6% reduction in weeds, compared to the treatment with the Grodil Maxi herbicide only. At the same time, the complex application of a number of herbicides in a mixture with the humic preparation, 4R Foliar concentrate led to the opposite effect. Various applications of mixtures of humates (4R Foliar concentrate, 5R SoilBoost) with nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium nitrate; carbamide-ammonium mixture) to optimize the winter wheat nutritional system and yield increases have been studied. The highest yield increase of 20%–22% was harvested in the plots treated with 5R SoilBoost and 4R Foliar concentrate plus ammonium nitrate. In addition, the efficacy of wheat crop foliar feeding with mixtures of humates, plus a carbamide-ammonia mixture, in different phases of vegetation has been established. A yield increase of 10.0%–21.4% resulting from the use of such compositions was obtained.

No abstract

Aim. To study the impact of complex preparations, containing humic, fulvic and ulmic acids in combination with herbicides and nitrogen fertilizers, on winter wheat yield. Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical methods. Results. The impact of herbicides with different active substances and their mixtures with humic preparations Humifi eld and Foliar concentrate on weed infestation and productivity of Kryzhynka winter variety was investigated. It was determined that the application of herbicide Prima (400 g/ha) and the mixture of preparations Triger (25 g/ha) + Tomigan (0.5 l/ha) in combination with humic preparation Humifi eld in the dose of 200 g/ha had practically no impact on the crop productivity. A considerable increase in the yield, for instance, by 15.6–20.3 %, was observed in case of spraying the fi elds with the same preparation forms of herbicides in the tank mixture with humic stimulator 4R Foliar concentrate in the dose of 2.0 kg/ha. The application of humates in combination with nitrogen fertilizers with the purpose of optimizing the nutrition system for winter wheat via their introduction superfi cially and by spraying the leaf-stem mass of plants was studied. It was demonstrated that the application of the growth regulator 5R SoilBoost in the amount of 11 kg/ha in the mixture with 200 kg/ha of ammonia nitrate led to the increase of productivity for Smuhlianka and Slavna varieties by 11.2 and 8.5 % respectively, and double foliar application of 4R Foliar concentrate (2+2 kg/ha) in the mixture with ammonia nitrate – by 15.5 %. The maximal increase in productivity by 20–23 % was obtained after combined application of humic stimulators 5R SoilBoost (11 kg/ha) and 4R Foliar concentrate (2+2 kg/ha) on the background of ammonia nitrate (200 kg/ha of physical weight). The effi ciency of foliar fertilization for wheat fi elds of Kubus and Mulan varieties using the mixtures of humates and carbamide-ammonia mixture in different phases of crop development was analyzed. The application of such combinations also promoted the productivity increase by 10.0–21.4 %. Conclusions. The increase in productivity of Kryzhynka winter wheat variety by 0.64–0.84 t/ha was determined after spraying crop fi elds with the tank mixture of herbicides and humic stimulator 4R Foliar concentrate in the dose of 2.0 kg/ha. The effi ciency of optimizing the nutrition system of plants via separate or combined application of humic preparations, in particular, granulated 5R SoilBoost (11 kg/ha), superfi cially, and 4R Foliar concentrate (2 kg/ha+2 kg/ ha) in case of foliar fertilization for fi elds in different phases of crop development on the background of early spring introduction of ammonia nitrate (200 kg/ha) to frozen-thawed soil was proven. The increase in wheat productivity was observed in all variants of applying these mixtures. However, the maximal increase in the winter wheat yield was obtained due to the fertilization technology, envisaging the use of humates 5R SoilBoost and 4R Foliar concentrate on the background of ammonia nitrate. There was a noted increase in grain productivity of winter wheat varieties Kubus and Mulan by 0.50–0.94 and 0.41–1.08 t/ha respectively in case of superfi cial introduction of humic preparation 5R SoilBoost (11 kg/ha) and foliar fertilization of wheat fi elds with 4R Foliar concentrate (2+2 kg/ha) in combination with carbamide-ammonia mixture (200 + 100 kg/ha).

The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of different amounts of mineral fertilization, bacterization of seeds on the leaf surface area formation and the chickling vetch (Lathyrus sativus) productivity. The study engaged six NPK fertilization amounts (0 – the check (control) without fertilizers, N15P15K15, N30P30K30, N15P30K30 + N15 (top dressing), N45P45K45 and N30P45K45 + N15 (top dressing) on two backgrounds of pre-sowing seed treatment (the control, water seed treatment, seed treatment with microbiological preparation Rizogumin, which contains a suspension of nodule bacteria Rhizobium leguminosarum 31 and physiologically active substances of biological origin). The leaf surface area was determined by the cutting method (in the phase of the first trifoliate leaf, budding, flowering, pod formation), which includes the selection of 15 plants, where the leaves are quickly cut off, weighed and their wet weight is determined. After that, cuts are made with a probe of a known diameter, 5 pcs. from every leaf. The mass of all cuts was determined. After determining the surface area of the leaves of each plant, the average plant area was calculated for each variant of the experiment. The average leaf surface area was multiplied by the number of plants per square meter, and the result was multiplied by 10000 to convert it to the average leaf surface area per hectare. The yield accounting was maintained by the method of continuous threshing from the registration plot by a selected combine harvester, with cleaning from impurities, weighing and determining the moisture content of the harvested grain. The maximum leaf surface area (60.8 thousand m2 ha-1) was in the phase of grain filling when N30P45K45 + N15 was added to top dressing and seed treatment with Rizogumin. In the absence of inoculation, the leaf area was 4.1 thousand m2 ha-1 less.

Стратегічною культурою світового значення, що відіграє ключову роль у подоланні продовольчоїкризи є соя. Її зерно має унікальне поєднання органічних сполук і мінеральних речовин двохнайважливіших складників – білка і олії – що відіграють ключову роль у фізіолого-біохімічнихпроцесах життєдіяльності людини і тварин. Формування продуктивності культури відбуваєтьсявпродовж вегетаційного періоду в тісному взаємозв’язку із факторами життя. У їх групі одну ізключових позицій займає поживний режим грунту. Важливими агротехнологічними прийомами, щоздатні покращувати забезпеченість рослин елементами мінерального живлення є застосуваннямікробіологічних препаратів, макро- та мікродобрив. Мета роботи – з’ясувати вплив мінеральнихдобрив, мікроелементів та мікробіологічного препарату на основі азотфіксуючих мікроорганізмів наформування продуктивності сої. Результати досліджень свідчать, що передпосівна обробка насіннямікродобривом і мікробіологічним препаратом сприяла інтенсифікації ростових процесів,формування оптимальної оптико-біологічної структури посівів і відповідному покращанню умоврозвитку і формування біологічної продуктивності рослин у них. Поєднання такихагротехнологічних прийомів виявилося найбільш ефективним на фоні внесення мінеральних добрив удозі N35P70K70. У такому разі на рослинах формувалося в середньому 18,2 шт. бобів із середньоюкількістю зерен у них 2,3 шт. Загальна кількість зерен з рослини та маса їх 1000 становили,відповідно 41,9 шт. і 157,4 г. Величина структурних елементів індивідуальної продуктивності рослинта їх кількість на одиниці площі визначили рівень урожайності посівів. Відповідно, її значення було вцілому по досліду найвищим (2,78 т/га) за поєднаного застосування мінеральних добрив дозою діючоїречовини N35P70K70, та передпосівної обробки насіння мікробіологічним препаратом Ризоактив Р(2,0 л/т) і мікродобривом Оракул насіння (1,5 л/т). Приріст урожайності зерна сої, порівняно забсолютним контролем становив 0,55 т/га або 24,7 %.