Aim of the present work is to develop non-chewable antacid tablets using different disintegrating agents viz., microcrystalline cellulose, sodium starch glycolate (Primogel®), and cross-linked sodium carboxymethylcellulose (cros-car-mellose sodium®). These agents were used alone, and in combinations, both 50% intra-granularly, and 50% extra-granularly. To cover all these variables in the formulations, seven different formulations were designed. Use of different disintegrating agents have shown varying effect on disintegration time and pattern. The disintegration time for formulation I and III did not comply with the official disintegration test in distilled water, as well as in simulated gastric fluid. All formulations, except formulation I and III, showed nearly equivalent to 30 min of Rosset-Rice time for neutralization. The graphical representation shows that when the base is available in full strength, it neutralizes the acid at a faster rate, and then the amount of base goes on reducing progressively, resulting in decrease in the rate of neutralization. Based on't' values, formulation II and VI show that the theoretical acid-consuming capacity, and the observed acid-consuming capacity values are almost equal.

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Background: PTPN1B is identified to play a prime role in a negative role in the insulin signaling pathway which can be inhibited and could contribute to the enhancement of insulin function. Objective: The present study aimed to identify PTPN 1B inhibitors from Momordica charantia and perform gene set enrichment analysis of regulated protein molecules. Methods: The phytoconstituents present in Momordica charantia were identified and queried for PTPN1B inhibitors. Druglikeness score, side effects and gene expression were predicted for each compound. A docking study was performed to predict the binding affinity with PTPN1B receptor; later the binding affinities were compared. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis was performed for the regulated genes to identify the modulated pathways. Results: Among the forty-four identified compounds present in Momordica charantia thirtythree compounds were found to inhibit PTPN 1B. Momordin I possessed the highest binding affinity with PTPN1B. Cytokine-cytokine receptor pathway was predicted to modulate the most amounts of protein molecules in diabetes mellitus. The side effects of these compounds were also estimated and only three compounds showed side effects when Pa≥0.7. Conclusion: The present study indicates that PTPN 1B inhibitors from Momordica charantia have their anti-diabetic action due to their action on multiple protein molecules and the synergistic effect can be confirmed by future investigations.

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