Objective: to study the characteristics of the diabetic retinopathy and some related factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. Subject and research methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study on 80 patients with type 2 diabetes to be examined and treated at the Internal Medicine Department of Thai Binh Medical University Hospital from January to December 2019. Result: • The percentage of patients with damage to the retina accounts for 42.5%; of which, 38.8% were nonproliferative retinopathy, 17.5% were macular disease, 2.5% were pre-proliferative retinopathy and 1.2% were proliferative retinopathy. • The risk of retinal damage increased higher in women than in men; the OR coeffecient of subgroups, namely age ≥ 70 years; diabetic duration ≥ 10 years; BMI ≥ 23 (kg/m2), hypertension, was 1.4; 2.5; 4.0; 4.5; 2.5, respectively. Patients with blood glucose ≥ 7 mmol/L, HbA1c ≥ 7%; total cholesterol > 5.2 mmol/L, triglyceride > 1.88 mmol/L had higher risk of retinopathy with OR coefficient of 2.3; 2.5; 3.2; 2.0, respectively. Patients who were non-compliance with treatment had 3.8 times higher risk of retinopathy than those who complied with treatment. Conclusion: the percentage of patients with retinopathy was 42.5%, the risk of retinopathy increased in patients with one of the following characteristics: female, age ≥ 70 years, duration of diabetes ≥ 10 years, BMI ≥ 23 (kg / m2), hypertension, blood glucose concentration ≥ 7 mmol/L, HbA1c ≥ 7%; cholesterol> 5.2 mmol/L, triglyceride> 1.88 mmol/L.

In the case of developing countries such as Vietnam, we will have a new approach of attacking corona virus and help patients at home with effective medicine treatment solutions as presented in this paper, it will help other nations as well and they can use it as reference. Authors will use qualitative analysis and experience and expertise from experts to explore this solution. Our study results show that there are several methods to treat corona patients at home effectively and that are tested in some countries including Vietnam. Currently Vietnam is testing Molnupiravir and other methods of treatment which will be presented, while WHO and Japan also have other approaches as presented in the study. Last but not least, authors suggest treatment of heart failures attached for patients and self-care knowledge for these patients.

In recent years in Vietnam, preventing and treatment for diabetes of patients in hospitals has been rising as hot issues because the number of patients with diabetes tend to increase much. Our study uses mainly statistics and qualitative analysis synthesis and inductive methods, together with quantitative analysis with data and statistics. Vu Thanh Binh et al (2021) said that Monitoring blood pressure with a continuous blood pressure monitor to carry around to detect masked hypertension (MH) in type 2 diabetes patients who are on outpatient treatment at Thai Binh Medical University Hospital, Thai Binh, Vietnam. Our study results indicated that diabetes including type 1 and type 2 and can be identified at early stages and have prevention treatment solutions such as physical exercises, eating food with lipid, and Reduce the amount of foods with high starch and sugar content. Lat but not least, Strengthening knowledge and skills of nurses and doctors and quality of human resources operating in the field of diabetes. Finally, our paper will propose policy implications and recommendations.

The study aims to provide knowledge of self-care for patients with COVID 19 and with heart failures. In the United States, between 2011 and 2014, an estimated 6.5 million Americans over the age of 20 had chronic heart failure The estimated prevalence of heart failure in Asia ranges from 1.26% to 6.7%, in Southeast Asian countries from 4.5% to 6.7%. This study used Health education intervention that was carried out for 90 patients with chronic heart failure inpatient treatment at Cardiology Department - Nam Dinh General Hospital. The rate of heart failure in Korea was estimated at 1.53% in 2013. The frequency of heart failure in Korea is expected to double, from 1.60% in 2015 to 3.35% in 2040. By 2040, more than 1.7 million Koreans are expected to have heart failure .In Japan, an estimated 1.0 million patients have heart failure and the number of outpatients with left ventricular dysfunction is expected to gradually increase to 1.3 million by 2030 In China, 4.2 million people suffer from heart failure and 500,000 new cases are diagnosed each year). We perform method of one-group intervention study with before-after comparison. Health education intervention was carried out in 90 patients with chronic heart failure inpatient treatment at Cardiology Department - Nam Dinh General Hospital.  Our results show that patients with cardiovascular disease need to be aware that they are a very high risk group for infection as well as serious complications that may occur if they are unfortunately infected with COVID-19. This research finding and recommended healthy foods to support for better health of patients with chronic heart failure in many developing countries. Last but not least, vital roles of nurses in Nam Dinh and Vietnam hospitals have been increasing in recent years in helping patients and help them to gain knowledge for self-care with COVID 19 and with heart failures and practice “Maintenance of care” of patients with chronic heart failure.