Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to estimate the effects of human resource management (HRM) practices on firm outcomes at the firm level in Vietnam. Design/methodology/approach-The paper employs a fixed-effects framework for the estimation using a panel sample of manufacturing firms from small-and medium-sized enterprise surveys between 2009 and 2013. Findings-The paper finds that, on average, a firm that provides the training for new workers gains roughly 13.7, 10 and 14.9 percent higher in output value per worker, value added per worker and gross profit per worker, respectively, than the counterpart. Moreover, an additional ten-day training duration for new employees on average leads to a 4.1 percent increase in output value per worker, a 3.0 percent rise in value added per worker and a 3.0 percent growth in gross profit per worker. The paper also uncovers that a marginal 10 percent of HRM spending results in about 2 and 1.6 percent rises in output value per worker and value added per worker, respectively. Originality/value-Using the case of Vietnam, this paper shows the important roles of HRM practices in explaining firm outcomes.

Wetland ecosystems have provided high biological productivity, played an important role in the stability and development of coastal people. The wetland ecosystem service (WES) assessment is an effective tool for calculating direct and indirect benefits that humans obtained from these ecosystems based on monetary valuation. The value of WES in the Tien Yen estuary area has been assessed and calculated using a combination of different methods, including cost-benefit analysis, questionnaire survey, and remote sensing and GIS. The results showed the particular monetary values of 11 WES obtained from 10 wetland ecosystems and total WES value in the study area. The outcome can become the scientific basis to choose the suitable solutions for sustainable use of natural resources in the relationship between preservation and exploitation of wetlands in the future.  

Using a panel sample of manufacturing firms from small-and medium-sized enterprise surveys between 2009 and 2013, we estimate the causal effects on firm outcomes of human resource management practices at the firm level in Vietnam. Employing a fixed-effects framework for the estimation, we find that on average a firm that provides the training for new workers gains roughly 13.7%, 10% and 14.9% higher in output value per worker, value added per worker and gross profit per worker respectively than the counterpart. Moreover, an additional ten-day training duration for new employees on average leads to 4.1% increase in output value per worker, 3.0% rise in value added per worker and 3.0% growth in gross profit per worker. We also uncover that a marginal 10% of HRM spending results in about 2% and 1.6% rises in output value per worker and value added per worker, respectively. Nevertheless, we find no statistically significant impacts of incentive measure on firm outcomes. The estimated results are strongly robust to various specifications.