There is a correlation with lung pathologic physical findings, lower values of FEV1 (in a range of normal values) and the degree of nonspecific bronchial sensitivity as objective indices of activity of bronchial asthma. There is no correlation of these parameters with patient's symptoms as subjective indices of bronchial asthma.

Kod bolesnila sa SCLC tumorom značajno je povećan odnos vrednosti IL-2, IL-12, IFN-, IL-4, IL-10 i IL-13 tumor / serum. Kod bolesnika sa Ad NSCLC značajno je povećana vrednost IL-12 i IL-6, kod bolesnika sa NSCLC sq povećana je vrednost IL-12 i IL-5, a NSCLC LC značajno povećana vrednost IL-5 i IL-13 kao i odnos vrednosti, tumor / serum.Zaključak. Različiti histloški tipovi tumora pluća se razlikuju u pogledu nivoa Th1 i Th2 citokina. Na osnovu koncentracije citokina u sistemskoj cirkulaciji i mikrocirkulaciji tumora potvrđena je dramatična i značajna razlika. UVODRak pluća predstavlja jedan od najsmrtonosnijih malignoma, a manje od 15% ima petogodišnje preživljavanje od ukupno obolelih (1). Prema histološkim karakteristikama, karcinom pluća (LC) se deli na sitnoćelijski (SCLC) i nesitnoćelijski karcinom pluća (NSCLC) (2). Ove dve grupe tumora se ne razlikuju samo po histološkoj strukturi, razlikuju se i po biološkom ponašanju, kliničkom toku i ishodu, kao i po odgovoru na terapiju. Ćelije raka pluća su u stalnoj i dinamičkoj interakciji s imunim ćelijama, od nastanka maligne lezije do metastatske bolesti. Proučavanje Asselin-Paturel et al. bilo je među prvim koja su potvrdila značaj imunog odgovora u bolesnika s karcinomom pluća. Analizirali su mRNA za citokine u uzorcima tkiva, tumor-infiltrišućim limfocitima i limfocitima periferne krvi (3), kod 10 bolesnika s uznapredovalim NSCLC i pokazali su odsustvo mRNA za IL-2 i IL-4, IFN- u prisustvu iGM-CSF mRNA, te bogatim prisustvom mRNA za IL-6, IL-10 i TGF-b1. Oni su zaključili da lokalni i periferni imunološki odgovor kod bolesnika sa NSCLC je imao obeležja Th2 profil citokina. Iako je studija

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Introduction. Lung cancer is one of leading causes of mortality. Disease progression and advanced disease are characterized with unprotective immune response due to M2 macrophage polarization, MDSC activity, cytokine imbalance and regulatory T lymphocyte activity. Material and methods. We have investigated principal Th1/Th2 cytokines and CD14 + B7H4 + monocyte number in blood and tumor microcirculation samples of 41 lung cancer patients (III and IV clinical stage) and 30 controls. Aim. To investigate association between Th1/Th2 cytokines and CD14 + B7H4 + monocyte number in LC patients. Results. Concentration of investigated cytokines in all patients vs heathy controls did not differ significantly. Stratification in groups according to tumor histology, disease extent and tumor size revealed significant differences. LC patients with different histology type demonstrated significant differences, both in serum and microcirculation samples. Presence of metastasis was associated with increased IFN-g/IL-4 in blood and increased IL-13 in tumor microcirculation samples. Tumor microcirculation samples of the largest tumors was characterized with Th2 cytokine profile. Investigation of CD14 + B7H4 + Mo in blood samples demonstrated significant association of extreme value of this cell population with elevated IL-2/IL-13. Patients with the highest CD14 + B7H4 + number in tumor microcirculation samples demonstrated significant increment of IL-4, IL-13, IL-10, and TGF-1. Conclusion.LC patients demonstrated polarization of cytokine response associated with microenvironment origin, tumor histology type, tumor size and disease extent. The highest number of CD14 + B7H4 + monocytes is significantly associated with Th2 cytokine profile.

Background/Aim. Sarcoidosis is a multisystem infmammatory disease of unknown etiology, with the lungs and intrathoracic lymph nodes the most commonly involved. The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of conventional transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) cytology in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis presenting as mediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathy. Methods. In this retrospective study, 58 patients with suspicion of stage I and II sarcoidosis underwent first flexibile, and then, a rigid bronhoscopy, during which TBNA of mediastinal or hilar lumph node with a 19 gauge (G) needle was done. Material from the needle was put on glass slide and prepared for the cytological and histopathological examination. Results. Out of 58 patients submitted to TBNA of mediastinal or hilar lymph nodes, adequate material for cytological diagnostics was obtained in 53 (91.37%). Out of 53 adequate cytological samples, in 38 (71.69%) noncaseous granulomatous inflammation (NGI) was found, while in corresponding histopathological samples, NGI was found in 48 (90.56%), which was significantly higher (p < 0.05). Of cytological smears, out of the cell types typical for granulomatous inflammation, in 26 (63.15%) patients the clusters of the epitheloid cells were found, in 8 (21.05%) there were both, clusters of epitheloid cells and giant multinuclear hystiocytes, and in 6 (15.76%) only single scattered epitheloid cells or small clusters of several epitheloid cells were found. The sensitivity of TBNA cytology in our group of patients with sarcoidosis was 76%, specificity 100% and accuracy 77.34%. Conclusion. TBNA is an efficient and safe procedure in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis, minimally invasive and with a little risk of complications. Using 19 G needle enables obtaining material for histological and cytological analyses, as well which contribute to the sensitivity of diagnosting sarcoidosis. The value of this type of diagnostics depends on qualification and experience both of bronchoscopist and cytologist/pathologist, as well, of the interpreter of such a material.