Резюме.Рак, злокачественные опухоли и новообразования, онкологические заболевания -это общее обозначение большой группы болезней, которые могут поражать любую часть организма. Их характерным признаком является появление и быстрое деление аномальных клеток с возможной дальнейшей адвекцией за пределы своих обычных границ в другие органы и ткани. Основными типами рака, наиболее часто выявляемыми, являются: рак легких (1,4-1,5 миллиона случаев смерти в год), рак желудка (740 000 случаев смерти в год), рак толстой кишки (610 000 случаев смерти), рак печени (700 000 случаев смерти), рак молочной железы (460 000 случаев смерти). Более 70% всех случаев гибели от злокачественных новообразований произошло в странах с низким и средним уровнем дохода (WHO, 2015). Во время развития и так называемого «паразитирования» раковых клеток наблюдаются нарушения целостных гомеостатических процессов, поддерживающих жизнедеятельность организма. Это характеризуется иммунодепрессией, развитием эктопических эндокринных синдромов, улавливанием опухолевыми клетками важнейших субстратов и метаболитов (аминокислоты, липопротеиды, витамины (группы В и С), антиоксиданты и глюкоза). Все это сопровождается стрессовым влиянием на организм, морфологическим проявлениями с необратимыми последствиями при несвоевременном вмешательстве. Ключевые слова: рак, морфология, физиология, атипизм, онкобелки, человек, опухоли.
The presented research is relevant, as breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in the female population worldwide, with the exception of skin cancer. The aim of this article is to study the transcription phenotype of circulating tumor cells in non-metastatic breast cancer. The transcriptional phenotype of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) was studied using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Three-year OS was 79.2, and 90.8 without the expression with p Log-Rank=0.04. Independent prognostic factors for the recurrence of disease include the presence of CTCs expressing BIRC5 genes and ABC transporter genes in the peripheral blood before the start of special treatment for resectable breast cancer, as well as the preservation of CTCs per se after completion of special anticancer therapy. In patients with breast cancer stage I–IIIC, circulating tumor cells before special treatment have significant heterogeneity, manifested by a different transcriptional phenotype, including both actively growing and stem tumor cells, and cells at the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
The objective of the study was to evaluate the clinical significance of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and their transcriptional phenotype in relation to overall and progression-free survival in patients with non-metastatic breast cancer. The presence of CTCs was studied before the start of special antitumor treatment and after its completion in 102 patients with primary non-metastatic breast cancer (BC) stage I–IIIC. The statistically significant increase in PFS in the group of patients without CTCs before the start of the treatment was established in 89.2 (87.9–92.4 confidence interval (CI) 95%) versus 79.9 (77.6–82.2 CI 95%) in the group with CTCs before treatment at p Log-Rank=0.01. The presence of CTCs expressing ABC transporter superfamily genes in the peripheral blood statistically significantly reduces the values of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Three-year OS was 79.2 (77.1–82.3 CI 95%), and 90.8 (87.4–91.9 CI 95%) without the expression with p Log-Rank=0.04. The presence of circulating tumor cells expressing BIRC5 and HER2-neu genes, and ABC transporter genes, before the initiation of special treatment and the preservation of CTCs after the completion of adjuvant anticancer therapy are independent risk predictors of disease recurrence.
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