No abstract

The goal of the strategy of the Russian Federation in the development of the Far Eastern’s and Arctic seas is an active, qualitatively new industrial, infrastructural and social development of the North and the East. The Arctic shelf of Russia have the main reserve of oil and gas resources, which belongs to the number of unique areas of the world, in terms of hydrocarbon reserves. The objectives of the policy of mining enterprises aimed at increasing the reserves of offshore fields, introducing the latest equipment and technologies in their development, creating an infrastructure that can ensure the smooth and trouble-free operation of mining complexes and the transportation of products. It is necessary to create a digital platform for ensuring safe operation on the shelf, accumulating data from satellite surveys of transport infrastructure facilities, for monitoring the hydrometeorological, ice and navigation conditions in the waters of the Far Eastern Seas and the Northern Sea Route (NSR) for navigation and hydrographic support of ship traffic, as well as icebreaker assistances. The system should support the laying of ship navigation routes of transport vessels and icebreaking fleets, taking into account the navigation and ice conditions in the specified water area, the organization of search and rescue operations, elimination of the consequences of emergency spills, pollution from ships with harmful substances or garbage.

Modern systems of hydrometeorological monitoring, for the most part, widely use WEB and GIS technology tools. Territorial fragmentation divisions of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Roshydromet, Russian Academy of Sciences and other services and departments interested in obtaining data requires creation of unified information environment for exchange of heterogeneous information. Formation field for geospatial data has become possible with the availability of industrial design platforms with high performance, supporting standard data exchange formats suitable of system for building projectoin. The purpose of the study is to develop requirements for geoinformation sup-port of the system necessary for flood forecasting. Methods: GIS mapping, interpretation and analysis of remote sensing data of the Earth. When developing system for hydrological monitoring of rivers in the Southern Sakhalin, we used the experience of operating similar observational network in services of several European countries, as well as the geographically distributed GIS created by Roshydromet. Considering the vast experience of predecessors and requirements for geoinformation support neces-sary for predicting flood zones in the rivers of Southern Sakhalin have been developed. The initial da-ta for creating the correct flood model are satellite images, large-scale topographic maps, digital terrain models, data from long-term hydrometeorological observations, and engineering surveys.

Research was carried out improve efficiency of thematic mapping based on the recognition of plant communities in the subzone of dark coniferous forests for South of Sakhalin on multi-time satellite images of average resolution Landsat 8. We used reference samples of sites where geobotanical studies were conducted, for improve the quality of recognition during automated decryption. Experiments were conducted decode vegetation on singlechannel, synthesized multi-zone images obtained in different seasons of year. Spectral characteristics allow us identify plant communities in images based on morphological and physiological properties of various plants, which were quantified by reflection of vegetation in the spring image, and an integral indicator of photosynthetic activity of vegetation, which was evaluated by NDVI index calculated from spring and autumn images. Conceptual and methodological aspects of direct expert interpretation of vegetation from Landsat images by classification methods using ESRI ArcGIS raster algebra tools are considered. On example of study of vegetation communities of subzone of dark-coniferous forests of the South of Sakhalin with sufficient level of reliability, dark-coniferous forests, stone birch forest, cedar elfin formation, valley forests, thickets of Kuril bamboo, as well as residential zones, agricultural lands, areas devoid of vegetation as result of gravitational slope processes, wetlands, windfalls and man-made wasteland were identified. Decoding of vegetation cover from Landsat images showed that use of seasonal time series can significantly increase the reliability of the interpretation of most species of plant communities for the South of island. The research area is characterized by significant difference in altitude from 0 to 1100 m, as a result presence of high-altitude zone in the vegetation cover, which must be taken into account when decoding. Mapping is completed by performing automatic vectorization of raster layers and further generalization of vector polygons in accordance with selected map scale.

The north of Sakhalin Island is characterized by frequent earthquakes and many disjunctive dislocations. One of the catastrophic earthquakes occurred in the settlement of Neftegorsk. The level of modern technologies makes it possible to track the change in environmental parameters accompanying dangerous natural processes with a high degree of certainty. The article proposes an interpretating technology for disjunctive dislocations detecting, which differs from the existing ones with the complex use and summation of satellite image data using image processing methods widely applied in “computer vision”. The study aims to compile and describe a map of discontinuous faults of the village of Neftegorsk, located in the northern part of Sakhalin Island, using the developed decoding technology and geophysical data. Methods: Identification methods used in the work: 1) methods of primary image processing (correction, transformation, resolution change, cropping, visualization); 2) a set of “contextual” and “autonomous” methods of lineament analysis, with the help of which a series of images is processed (canny, erosion, Hough’s algorithm); 3) methods for constructing maps of discontinuous faults (summation, sequential linking). Results. Using the developed technology, a map of discontinuous faults in the area of the Neftegorsk earthquake was constructed. The implementation of the technology makes it possible to provide the monitoring data on discontinuous faults to organizations that are engaged in seismic zoning, construction and operation of objects for various purposes, including mineral deposits.