No abstract

BACKGROUND . A variety of claims are made regarding the effects of surface topography on implant osseointegration. The development of implant surfaces topography has been empirical, requiring numerous in vitro and in vivo tests. Most of these tests were not standardized, using different surfaces, cell populations or animal models. The exact role of surface chemistry and topography on the early events of the osseointegration of dental implants remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE This review considers the major claims made concerning the effects of titanium implant surface topography on osseointegration. The osseointegration rate of titanium dental implants is related to their composition and surface roughness. The different methods used for increasing surface roughness or applying osteoconductive coatings to titanium dental implants are reviewed. Important findings of consensus are highlighted, and existing controversies are revealed. METHODS This review considers many of the research publications listed in MEDLINE and presented in biomedical research publications and textbooks. Surface treatments, such as titanium plasma-spraying, grit-blasting acid-etching,alkaline etching, anodization,polymer demixing ,sol gel conversion and their corresponding surface morphologies and properties are described. RESULTS Many in vitro evaluations are not predictive of or correlated with in vivo outcomes. In some culture models, increased surface topography positively affects pro-osteogenic cellular activities. Many studies reveal increase in bone-to-implant contact,with increased surface topography modifications on implant surfaces. CONCLUSIONS Increased implant surface topography improves the bone-to-implant contact and the mechanical properties of the enhanced interface.

BACKGROUND The proposed experimental design was done to determine if a relationship exists between the occlusal load applied and the size of the markings produced from tooth contact when dental articulating paper and T-Scan are interposed alternatively. OBJECTIVE Objective of this study was to compare the relationship between contact markings on an articulating paper and T Scan for an applied occlusal load. METHODS In this in vitro study, dentulous maxillary and mandibular dies were mounted on a metal jig,articulating paper, and T-Scan sensor were placed alternatively between the casts. Loads simulating occlusal loads began at 25N and incrementally continued upto 450N.The resultant markings (180 marks resulting from articulating paper and 138 marks of T-Scan) were photographed and the marks were analyzed using MOTIC image analysis and sketching. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), student t-test and Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient method. RESULTS The size of an articulating paper mark may not be a reliable predictor of the actual load content within the occlusal contact. T-Scan gave more predictable results of actual load content within the occlusal contact. CONCLUSIONS Statistically interpretation of the data indicated that with articulating paper, the mark area increased non-linearly with increasing load and there was a false positive result. The characteristics of the paper mark appearance did not describe the amount of occlusal force present on a given tooth. The contact marking obtained using T Scan for an applied occlusal load indicated that the mark area increased with the increase in the load and gave more predictable results of actual load content within the occlusal contact.