compared with E macusaniensis. The villi in E ivitaensisinfected areas were necrotic, with the lamina propria severely infiltrated by mononuclear cells and neutrophils. There was increased mitosis of epithelial cells.E macusaniensis and E ivitaensis macrogamonts were located in the cytoplasm, between the nucleus and the basal membrane of epithelial cells of the caecal and colonic crypts. They were ovoid in shape and located within a parasitophorous vacuole bounded by one membrane. The immature macrogamonts were morphologically indistinct for both Eimeria species, with 4 to 5 µm thick capsules, abundant cytoplasm, large, basophilic nuclei and average sizes of 30·9 x 28·6 µm, with a range (sd) of 16·5 to 38 (5·28) x 15 to 40 (5·25) µm in 10 specimens. The morphology of the developing macrogamonts of E macusaniensis and E ivitaensis changed according to their degree of maturation and the observation of many inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm that differed in size and number (Figs 2a, b). Mature macrogamonts of E ivitaensis (Fig 2c) had 12 to 22 lightly basophilic inclusion bodies, which were ovoid and had a diameter of approximately 2 to 3·5 µm. Mature macrogamonts of E macusaniensis (Fig 2d) had six to seven eosinophilic inclusion bodies, which were ovoid and approximately 13 to 18 µm in diameter.The microgamonts of both coccidian species were morphologically similar. They were localised mainly in the base and neck of the crypts of Lieberkühn. Immature oocysts of E macusaniensis were localised mainly in the top of the crypts and in some cases in the bottom (Fig 1), with piriform shapes and sizes similar to those described by Guerrero (1967). Immature oocysts of E ivitaensis were also localised mainly in the top of the crypts, but had ellipsoidal forms, 3 to 5 µm thick capsules with three membranes, and an average size of 56·9 x 45·6 µm (range [sd] 45 to 75 [9·89] x 39 to 55 [5·5] µm) in 10 specimens.Coccidiosis in alpacas is subclinical, or appears as soft to bloody diarrhoea and acute death (Rojas 1990, Ameghino andDeMartini 1991). Co-infection with multiple species of Eimeria is common in alpacas, with E macusaniensis and E lamae considered to be the most pathogenic (Guerrero and others 1970). Although E ivitaensis has only relatively recently been described (Leguia and Casas 1998), evidence for E macusaniensis and E ivitaensis co-infection was found in the guts of mummified llamas from a 2700-year-old culture called Chiribaya in Peru, suggesting the simultaneous presence of these two species in the past (Martinson and others 2003). Veterinary Record (2006) 158, 344-345 FIG 1: Enteritis associated with massive infiltration of macrogamonts and immature oocysts of Eimeria macusaniensis and Eimeria ivitaensis in the crypts of Lieberkühn. Haematoxylin and eosin. x 100. Inset: Higher magnification showing E macusaniensis (arrow) and E ivitaensis (arrowhead). Haematoxylin and eosin. x 200 Eimeria macusaniensis and Eimeria ivitaensis co-infection in fatal cases of diarrhoea in young alpacas (Lama pacos) in PeruPARASITI...
CASEOUS lymphadenitis (CLA), caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, is a disease with high morbidity that results in economic loss in sheep and goat enterprises worldwide (Batey 1986a). In sheep, the disease may present in an external form, with abscesses in the superficial lymph nodes and subcutaneous tissues, and/or in an internal form, with abscesses in various organs, especially the lungs, liver and kidneys, and the mediastinal, bronchial and lumbar lymph nodes (Ellis 1983). Sheep with abscesses in the lungs may be a source of C pseudotuberculosis infection to other sheep because of airborne transmission (Ellis and others 1987). C pseudotuberculosis was isolated from Peruvian alpacas (Lama pacos) for the first time in 1985 (Villena 1985) and again in 1993 in herds in southern Peru (Braga 1993). This short communication describes abscesses found in alpacas of varying age and sex in two herds located between 4200 and 4600 m above sea level in the southern Peruvian highlands in 1997.
Alpacas inoculated with C pseudotuberculosis developed abscesses at the inoculation site and internally in the renal lymph nodes, without lung lesions. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis isolates from llama and alpaca origin were found to be pathogenically indistinct.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2025 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.