Precise measurement of luminous transmittance and haze of transparent media is increasingly important to the LCD industry. Currently there are at least three documentary standards for measuring transmission haze. Unfortunately, none of those standard methods by itself can obtain the precise values for the diffuse transmittance (DT), total transmittance (TT) and haze. This note presents a new apparatus capable of precisely measuring all three variables simultaneously. Compared with current structures, the proposed design contains one more compensatory port. For optimal design, the light trap absorbs the beam completely, light scattered by the instrument is zero and the interior surface of the integrating sphere, baffle, as well as the reflectance standard, are of equal characteristic. The accurate values of the TT, DT and haze can be obtained using the new apparatus. Even if the design is not optimal, the measurement errors of the new apparatus are smaller than those of other methods especially for high sphere reflectance. Therefore, the sphere can be made of a high reflectance material for the new apparatus to increase the signal-to-noise ratio.

This investigation demonstrates a fiber-optical cable television system using a reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA) for uplink transmission. The downstream signal is cable television and the upstream signal is generated by remodulating the downstream signal via an RSOA with a radio-frequency signal. Favorable carrier-to-noise ratio, composite second-order, and composite triple beat are obtained for the downstream and the upstream signal is successfully transmitted over 60 km of single-mode fiber.