Peroxisomes are ubiquitous organelles present in most eukaryotic cells. Their role in cellular metabolism is diverse among species. An array of genes involved in the formation and maintenance of peroxisomes has been discovered, and can be categorised into genes important for protein import into the peroxisome and genes involved in the maintenance of the organelles' size and abundance. Thorough cell biological and biochemical studies revealed great detail about the process of peroxisomal protein import. Although involvement of several classes of molecular chaperone proteins in peroxisomal protein import has been demonstrated, details regarding the mechanistic aspects of chaperone involvement in this process are not known yet. This review aims to discuss peroxisomal maintenance, with the emphasis on protein import. A general overview of chaperone proteins and their role in protein import processes will be used as context to discuss the -possible -roles of chaperone proteins in peroxisomal protein import.