Solar eruptions such as coronal mass ejections (CMEs) cause environmental changes in various ways in near Earth space. It is known that major geomagnetic storms can be triggered by the arrival of an interplanetary counterpart of a CME (ICME) at Earth along with a strong southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), which allows solar wind energy and plasma to enter the magnetosphere. A magnetic flux rope (MFR), which is often observed in an ICME with magnetic field lines winding about the central axis, is recognized as a key factor making an ICME such a powerful driver of an intense space weather storm. While ICMEs accompanied by a strong interplanetary shock (IP-shock) in a fast solar wind have attracted attention as geoeffective storms, the interaction of moderate or slower ICMEs with ambient solar wind structure and the interaction among a series of CMEs also play an essential role in producing an ICME causing a larger-than-expected magnetic storm(
Muon detectors and neutron monitors were recently installed at Syowa Station, in the Antarctic, to observe different types of secondary particles resulting from cosmic ray interactions simultaneously from the same location. Continuing observations will give new insight into the response of muon detectors to atmospheric and geomagnetic effects. Operation began in February, 2018 and the system has been stable with a duty-cycle exceeding 94%. Muon data shows a clear seasonal variation, which is expected from the atmospheric temperature effect. We verified successful operation by showing that the muon and neutron data are consistent with those from other locations by comparing intensity variations during a space weather event. We have established a web page to make real time data available with interactive graphics (http://polaris.nipr.ac.jp/cosmicrays/).
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