No abstract

Charcoal is an important energy raw material and its properties are influenced by the wood's anatomical and chemical composition and the production process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomical characteristics, calorific power and volatiles and ash content of carbonized wood from Byrsonima spicata, Calophyllum brasiliense, Cecropia sciadophylla, Cochlospermum orinocense and Schefflera morototoni. The calorific power varied from 26,878 to 31,117 kJ kg -1 ; the content of volatile materials ranged from 20.9 to 31.7%; ash content ranged from 0.1 to 3.8%; and carbon content varied from 68.2 to 75.3%. Anatomical structures of charcoal can be used for species identification. The studied species are not indicated for charcoal production because the levels of ash and volatile compounds are higher than those recommended for charcoal produced for household use. In addition, the calorific power and level of carbon content are insufficient for use in the steel industry.KEYWORDS: carbonization, carbonized wood properties, wood structure. Características anatômicas e energéticas do carvão de cinco espécies RESUMOO carvão vegetal é um importante insumo energético, sendo suas propriedades influenciadas pela composição anatômica e química da madeira utilizada e pelo processo de produção. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as características anatômicas, poder calorífico e o conteúdo de voláteis e cinzas da madeira carbonizada de Byrsonima spicata, Calophyllum brasiliense, Cecropia sciadophylla, Cochlospermum orinocense e Schefflera morototoni. O poder calorífico variou de 26.878 a 31.117 kJ kg -1 ; o teor de voláteis variou de 20,9 a 31,76%; o teor de cinzas variou de 0,1 a 3,8% e o teor de carbono no carvão ficou entre 68,2 e 75,3%. A estrutura anatômica do carvão pode ser utilizada na identificação de espécies. As espécies estudadas não são indicadas para a produção de carvão, pois o teor de cinzas e materiais voláteis é superior ao indicado para carvão produzido para uso doméstico. Além disso, porque o poder calorífico e o teor de carbono do carvão são insuficientes para uso na indústria siderúrgica. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: carbonização, propriedades do lenho carbonizado, estruturas da madeira.

No abstract

By seeding fungus on top of industry residues, a mycelium can grow and form a compact network structure; however, it may not develop due to lack of optimal nutrients from the substrate. Consequently, peach palm residues can be a potential alternative; so, to test this hypothesis, this work evaluates the effect of peach palm residues as substrate for the growth of mycelium based on Lentinula edodes . They were also supplemented with cassava bran and various sources of nitrogen – ammonium sulphate, potassium nitrate and soy flour – in order to analyse its effects on its physico-chemical, enzymatic activities and thermal and mechanical properties of the final composite at 12 and 20 days of cultivation. This mycelium was able to grow at optimum source treatment conditions, that depends on the ratio of Carbon to Nitrogen, within only 12 days of inoculation. Furthermore, the enzyme activities directly correlate with the mycelium growth with optimum conditions of pH, water activity and moisture for L. edod es to grow having lower enzyme activities for a well-developed composite; whereas higher activities were seen for a weakly developed material. and this material demonstrate mechanical and thermal properties similar to common mycelium-based composites Therefore, this work demonstrates that peach palm residues can be a potential alternative for mycelium-based composite

No abstract