The non-naturally occurring amino acid D-penicillamine, originally only of interest as a key substance in the structural elucidation and total synthesis of penicillins is gaining increasing importance as a therapeutic, particularly in the long-term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. D-Penicillamine which previously was obtained semi-synthetically by degradation of penicillins can now be totally synthesized using a new process which starts from isobutyraldehyde, sulfur, ammonia, and hydrogen cyanide and yields the racemate which is then selectively resolved. The biochemical behavior of D-penicillamine-chelate formation with heavy metal ions, cleavage of disulfide bridges, and condensation with aldehyde groups-affords information related to its therapeutic activity.
Es werden verschiedene Darstellungsmöglichkeiten für Glycid (I), wie z.B. aus Allylalkohol mit Wasserstoffperoxid,Peroxycarbonsäuren oder Hydroperoxiden, oder aus Monohalogenhydrinen durch Eliminierung von Halogenwasserstoff oder aus Glycerin bzw. Glycidylestern erörtert.
Setzt man 1 Mol Glutardialdehyd (1) mit 1 Mol Hydroxylammoniumchlorid (2) um, so erhalt man nicht das entsprechende Monoxim 4, sondern 7-Aza-6.8-dioxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan (6). Dieses reagiert mit Alkoholen zu dem tricyclischen Perhydrodioxadiazin-Verbindungen 7a und 7b. Die Strukturen von 6 und 7 werden anhand ihrer IR-, 1H-NMR-und
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