No abstract

The study of plants used in traditional medicine has drawn the attention of researchers as an alternative in the development of new therapeutics agents, such as the American Solanaceae Physalis peruviana, which has significant anti-inflammatory activity. The Physalis peruviana anti-inflammatory effect of ethanol or ether calyces extracts on the phagocytic process was assessed by using an in vitro phagocytosis model (Leishmania panamensis infection to murine macrophages). The Physalis peruviana extracts do not inhibit microorganism internalization and have no parasiticide effect. Most ET and EP extracts negatively affected the parasite's invasion of macrophages (Infected cells increased.). This observation might result from a down-regulation of the macrophage's microbicide ability associated with a selective reduction of proinflammatory cytokines levels. Physalis peruviana's anti-inflammatory activity described in this model is related to an immunomodulatory effect exerted on macrophages infected, which directly or indirectly "blocks" their ability to secrete soluble proinflammatory mediators.

The study of plants used in traditional medicine has drawn the attention of researchers as an alternative in the development of new therapeutics agents, such as the American Solanaceae Physalis peruviana, which has significant anti-inflammatory activity. The Physalis peruviana anti-inflammatory effect of ethanol or ether calyces extracts on the phagocytic process was assessed by using an in vitro phagocytosis model (Leishmania panamensis infection to murine macrophages). The Physalis peruviana extracts do not inhibit microorganism internalization and have no parasiticide effect. Most ET and EP extracts negatively affected the parasite's invasion of macrophages (Infected cells increased.). This observation might result from a down-regulation of the macrophage's microbicide ability associated with a selective reduction of proinflammatory cytokines levels. Physalis peruviana's anti-inflammatory activity described in this model is related to an immunomodulatory effect exerted on macrophages infected, which directly or indirectly "blocks" their ability to secrete soluble proinflammatory mediators.

showed that the first three comPonents explained 88.49o/o ofthe total variation. Characters such as days to flowering, days to harvest, weight of 100 seeds, seeds for pod, length and wide of pod, canopy cover, number of knots, length of epicotile and hypocotile explained most of the total variation collections from the mesoamerican pool :Antioquia 2l (Tenzano), Cauca34 and Tolima 16, as well as the Andean pool : Perú 5 { Poroto Largo) and Cundinamarca 148, presented the best agronomic performance and high genetic variabilit¡ and as a result, these collections were considered outstanding as source of genetic variability and for improvement programs.

The present study was carried out in Corpoica, C.I. Tibaitata (Mosquera, Colombia) at an altitude of 2,540 m a.s.l. in six environments composed of different seasons and at an altitude of 1,485 m a.s.l. in the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT ), Calima, Colombia. Morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular descriptors were used to estimate the genetic variability between 36 Colombian bean accessions, of which four were wild and the others cultivated. Diacol Calima (Nueva Granada from the Andean gene pool) and ICA Pijao (Mesoamerican from the mesoamerican gene pool) were used as controls. The combined analysis of the qualitative and quantitative variables was carried out with Gower distance and an unified data matrix with 315 descriptors. The relationships between the genetic distances differentiated the bean collection into two genetic groups: Andean and Mesoamerican. The following groups of characteristics presented high association: total morphology with qualitative morphology (P=0.91), physiological evaluation with grouped evaluation of morphological, quantitative, and physiological characteristics (P=0.91), characterization of isoenzymatic and molecular markers with respect to just molecular markers (P=0.99) and the characterization of all the studied markers in relation to the molecular and isoenzymatic markers (P=0.88).