Between 1978 and 1988 5,035 urinary calculi have been analysed by X-ray diffractometry. 1,615 of these stones have additionally been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The overall sex-ratio was 1.86 (m/f). Ca-stones and uric acid containing stones are more frequent in male patients (m/f = 2.08 and 3.86, respectively) whereas infection stones and cystine stones show a higher rate of appearance in female patients (m/f = 0.6 and 0.88, respectively). The percentage of open surgery ranged about 30% in the first few years but decreased to 5-7% in the last few years due to the new methods of stone removal. The rate of occurrence of the crystalline phases does not differ remarkably from other statistics except for a higher incidence of apatite because of the high sensitivity of detection of this phase by SEM. The recurrence rate of brushite stones amounting to 66.7% is very high and exceeds even that of cystine stones (60.7%).

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A method for chronic continuous urine collection from the two separate kidneys is described. In successful preparations, presumably normal urine may be collected for at least several weeks. The excretions from the two sides are compared and are quite similar, with differences being greatest for sodium excretion. For a variable period following unilateral renal denervation excretion of water, sodium, osmotically active solutes and creatinine may be greater from the denervated kidney than the normal. The differences usually decrease markedly or vanish with time. Any chronic influence of renal denervation in the normal resting dog on sodium excretion, if present, is minor as compared with that of other factors such as mechanically induced unilateral slight fall in GFR, which may result in diminution of sodium output of constricted kidney to only 10 or 20% that of unmolested kidney. Renal vascular sympathetic tone in the resting untraumatized dog is very small or absent within the limits of experimental error.

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