The excited-state photophysics of the light induced antiviral agent, hypericin, are compared with those of its methylated analog, hexamethoxyhypericin. This comparison is instructive in understanding both the groundand the excited-state properties of hypericin. That the hexamethoxy analog has no labile protons that can be transferred, that it cannot protonate its own carbonyl groups, that it has a reduced fluorescence quantum yield and lifetime with respect to hypericin, and that it exhibits no stimulated emission or, more specifically, rise time in stimulated emission completely support our emerging model of the hypericin photophysics. The results are consistent with the presence of intramolecular excited-state proton transfer in hypericin but not in its methylated analog. DisciplinesChemistry | Organic Chemistry | Other Chemistry | Polymer Chemistry CommentsReprinted (adapted) with permission from Journal of American Chemical Society, 119 (13) Abstract:The excited-state photophysics of the light induced antiviral agent, hypericin, are compared with those of its methylated analog, hexamethoxyhypericin. This comparison is instructive in understanding both the ground-and the excited-state properties of hypericin. That the hexamethoxy analog has no labile protons that can be transferred, that it cannot protonate its own carbonyl groups, that it has a reduced fluorescence quantum yield and lifetime with respect to hypericin, and that it exhibits no stimulated emission or, more specifically, rise time in stimulated emission completely support our emerging model of the hypericin photophysics. The results are consistent with the presence of intramolecular excited-state proton transfer in hypericin but not in its methylated analog. IntroductionInterest in the polycyclic quinone, hypericin ( Figure 1a) was spawned by the discovery that it possesses extremely high toxicity toward certain viruses, including HIV and that this toxicity absolutely requires light. [1][2][3] Hypericin is also very similar in structure to the stentorin chromophore that confers phototactic and photophobic responses to protozoan ciliates. 4 The interaction of light with hypericin and hypericin-like chromophores is clearly of fundamental biological importance. In order to understand and eventually to exploit these properties of hypericin, it is essential to elucidate its nonradiative excitedstate processes. We have undertaken this task using the tools of ultrafast time-resolved absorption spectroscopy and have presented our results in a series of articles. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] The argument for the presence of intramolecular excited-state proton transfer in hypericin is as follows. The hypericin analog

The excited-state photophysics of the light-induced antiviral agents hypericin and hypocrellin are compared with those of the hexa-and tetramethoxy analogues of hypericin. The results are consistent with the interpretation of the primary photoprocess in hypericin and hypocrellin as that of excited-state intramolecular proton or atom transfer. DisciplinesChemistry | Organic Chemistry | Other Chemistry | Polymer Chemistry CommentsReprinted (adapted) October 3, 1996; In Final Form: February 3, 1997 X The excited-state photophysics of the light-induced antiviral agents hypericin and hypocrellin are compared with those of the hexa-and tetramethoxy analogues of hypericin. The results are consistent with the interpretation of the primary photoprocess in hypericin and hypocrellin as that of excited-state intramolecular proton or atom transfer.

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The objective of the current study was to identify QTL conferring resistance to Marek's disease (MD) in commercial layer chickens. To generate the resource population, 2 partially inbred lines that differed in MD-caused mortality were intermated to produce 5 backcross families. Vaccinated chicks were challenged with very virulent plus (vv+) MD virus strain 648A at 6 d and monitored for MD symptoms. A recent field isolate of the MD virus was used because the lines were resistant to commonly used older laboratory strains. Selective genotyping was employed using 81 microsatellites selected based on prior results with selective DNA pooling. Linear regression and Cox proportional hazard models were used to detect associations between marker genotypes and survival. Significance thresholds were validated by simulation. Seven and 6 markers were significant based on proportion of false positive and false discovery rate thresholds less than 0.2, respectively. Seventeen markers were associated with MD survival considering a comparison-wise error rate of 0.10, which is about twice the number expected by chance, indicating that at least some of the associations represent true effects. Thus, the present study shows that loci affecting MD resistance can be mapped in commercial layer lines. More comprehensive studies are under way to confirm and extend these results.

Abstract-With in-network sensor data storage and query, storage nodes are responsible for storing the data collected by sensor nodes and answering queries from users. Thus, without proper protection for data types and user queries, compromise of storage nodes and/or sensor nodes may reveal sensitive information about the sensed environment as well as users' private interests and query patterns. In this paper, we explore trade-offs between privacy, computation overhead, communication overhead, network flexibility and network complexity, and propose ElliPS (Elliptic curve based Privacy Scheme) to provide joint protection on data type privacy and query privacy in the presence of sensor node compromise, storage node compromise, or under collusive attacks by compromised sensor nodes and storage nodes together. Extensive analysis and simulation are conducted to verify the security properties and efficiency of the proposed scheme.