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This study was designed to evaluate mature New-Zealand White (NZW) rabbit reproductivety as affected by different levels of Ganoderma ® in diets. Animals were divided into three comparable experimental groups (16 sexual mature bucks and 52 mono-parous does in each). The first group was fed a commercial diet and kept untreated (control group), while the 2 nd and 3 rd groups (treated groups) were fed the same diets but supplemented with 200 and 400 g Ganoderma ® / ton diet, respectively. Results obtained showed that, feeding diet supplemented with different levels of Ganoderma ® improved significantly (P≤0.05) libido and physical semen quality of bucks, while values of semen enzymatic activity were decreased significantly (P≤0.05) and sperm penetration into estrus cow cervical mucus significantly (P≤0.05) increased due to treatments. Diluted semen ejaculated by NZW rabbit bucks fed diet supplemented with different levels of Ganoderma ® or/ and added with 1 ml Ganoderma ® aquas extract/100 ml diluted semen recorded significant (P≤0.05) increase in viability, quality and storagability, during the storage at refrigeration and incubation temperatures. Diluted semen ejaculated by rabbit bucks fed diet contained Ganoderma ® and supplemented with Ganoderma ® showed quality significantly (P≤0.05) better than that ejaculated by treated bucks and free Ganoderma ® , followed by diluted semen of untreated bucks and free Ganoderma ® , respectively. Physical semen quality and sperm penetration into estrus cow cervical mucus values significantly (P≤0.05) decreased and increased, respectively, with progressive of conservation time. Fertility traits of does represented in (rates of each of abortion, conception and kindling and values of each of litter size and weight at birth and at weaning, as well as, bunny weight at birth and at weaning were significantly (P≤0.05) better by adding different levels of Ganoderma ® in diets. The improvement in parameters indicated fertilizing ability of bucks and fertility traits of does were arranged (P≤0.05) in descending order as recorded by 400, 200 then zero g Ganoderma ® / ton diet, respectively. While 400 g Ganoderma ® /ton recorded insignificantly improvements in most studied parameters than 200 g Ganoderma ® /ton.In conclusion, NZW rabbit bucks or does feeding diets supplemented with different levels of Ganoderma ® recorded significant (P≤0.05) improvement in all parameters studied, during mature period. This means that 200 g Ganoderma ® / ton diet is recommended for mature rabbits.

he aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using graded levels of capsaicin on growth performance, nutrients digestibility coefficients, serum metabolites, oxidative responses and intestinal digestive enzymes activity of Pekin ducks. One hundred and twenty 14d old Pekin ducks were randomly divided into four groups of 30 ducks. The first group was fed on the basal diet (control), while groups 2, 3 and 4 were given the basal diet supplemented with 50, 100 and 150 ppm capsaicin, respectively. The results showed significant improvement in body weight and feed conversion of ducks, particularly with the high level (150ppm) followed by those of the mid one (100pm). Moreover, supplemental capsaicin with different levels enhanced digestibility coefficient values especially with ether extract (EE) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) in Pekin ducks. The serum level of total proteins, globulin, high density lipoprotein (HDL), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxin (T4) and antioxidant enzymes was significantly increased for ducks fed on diets contained either 100 or 150ppm capsaicin. But, the concentrations of total lipid, cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), glucose and malondialdehyde (MDA), which is the primary stable by-product of lipid peroxidation, were reduced. On the other hand, the albumin level didn't significantly affected by dietary capsaicin supplementation. A significant increase in the activities of amylase, lipase and trypsin enzymes was found throughout the small intestine portions with supplemental capsaicin. It is concluded that, capsaicin supplementation with 100ppm up to 150ppm was sufficient to enhance the growth performance traits, nutrients digestibility, thyroid and antioxidant system in growing Pekin ducks. In addition to, using these natural feed additives had clear favorable effect on enzymatic and microbiological profile in small intestine, without adverse effects on liver activity.

The present experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of Zinc-enriched Spirulina (Zn-Sp) supplementation as an organic Zn source on the growth performance, nutrients digestibility, carcass characteristics, blood parameters and economic efficiency of growing rabbits. A total of forty eight male NZW rabbits (35 days old) were allotted to four groups (12 rabbits for each), 4 replicates (3 rabbits for each). Three levels of 75 and 100 mg Zn-Sp/kg diet) were compared to a control group without Zn-Sp addition. The results have shown that dietary Zn-Sp supplementation caused an increase (P<0.05) in final live body weight at 13 weeks. Supplementation of 75 and 100 mg Zn-Sp improved (P<0.05) body weight gain compared to the control group during the whole experiment period. The increases in body weight gain were 10.93 and 10.63% for 75 and 100 mg Zn-Sp, respectively compared to the control group. On the other hand, at all experimental periods, rabbits fed diets supplemented with 75 and 100 mg Zn-Sp consumed less (P<0.05) feed intake than those fed control diet or 50 mg Zn-Sp. As well as, diets supplemented with Zn at 50, 75 and 100 mg Zn-Sp improved (P<0.05) FCR throughout the experimental period (8weeks). Dietary Zn-Sp supplementation at 100 mg led to a significant increase in all nutrients digestibility In addition; Zn-Sp supplementation had insignificant effect on the CF digestibility. Feeding rabbits on diets supplemented with Zn-Sp at a level of 100 mg/kg DM increased (P<0.05) DCP%, TDN and DE (kcal/kg) compared to the control group. The obtained results also showed that supplementing rabbit diets with Zn-Sp at each tested level increased (P<0.05) hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, total edible parts (%), serum total protein and HDL, serum Zn concentrations, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) levels in comparison to the control group. Conversely, a significant decrease (P<0.05) was observed in serum total cholesterol and LDL concentrations compared with the

A total number of one hundred and eight of both Mulard and Muscovy drakes at 12 weeks of age were divided randomly into three groups. Drakes of the first group were fed ad-lib the same ration of the force feeding. The second group fed the force feeding ration without any added enzyme, while the third group was fed the force feeding rations plus Avizyme enzyme 0.05%, respectively. The results showed that Mulard ducks were highly significant in all carcass traits studied (live body weight and percentages of carcass, total giblets and edible parts) than Muscovy ducks. Liver of Mulard ducks contained highly significant moisture, crude protein and ash percentages compared to liver of Muscovy ducks. On the contrary, liver of Muscovy ducks contain highly significant ether extract percentage compared to liver of Mulard ducks. Liver of Muscovy ducks was highly significant in LDL (mg/dl) and cholesterol (mg/dl) and insignificant in total lipids weight (mg/dl), triglycerides (mg/dl) and HDL (mg/dl) compared to Mulard duck. Conclusively, Mulard ducks are suitable for force feeding than Muscovy ducks and have a high quality of fatty liver which have a high marketing value indoors and outdoors