The variations of fatty acid levels and the accumulation of C26:0 in the plasma and RBCs highlight an alteration of fatty acid metabolism in demented patients and point toward possible peroxisomal dysfunction. It is suggested that C26:0 may constitute a convenient blood biomarker of dementia that could be useful in routine medical practice.

This work is a part of a project supported by STIC Am-Sud where the main objective is to design an intelligent vision system to protect children from some critical information accessible from the Internet, from some videos or from some video games that are related to violence, wars, pornography, etc. Considered definitively not appropriate for their age, such multimedia contains can significantly offend young people. More specifically, in this paper, we are interested in discussing a general concept of a supervised biometric system that is controlled by specific tags embedded in video frames through a multimodal compression. Using a spiral insertion scheme, specific frequencies (TAGs) are compressed jointly with video frames in the region of insertion and then extracted for supervision purpose. The multimodal compression is considered here because it allows high-level robustness regarding the bitrates and downsampling.

Relationships between alterations in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and dementia are widely suspected. In order to determine the impact of trans fatty acids (TFA) on oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in demented patients, plasma and red blood cells (RBCs) were collected from patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's diseases (AD) or vascular dementia, and from an age-matched healthy control group of elderly individuals. Fatty acid profiles were established by gas chromatography on matched plasma and RBCs. Lipid peroxidation biomarkers (malondialdehyde (MDA) and conjugated dienes (CD)) were analyzed using spectrophotometric methods. The severity of dementia was evaluated with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). An accumulation of MDA and CD and of several TFA including elaidic and vaccenic acids was observed in the plasma and RBCs of demented patients. In the plasma and RBCs, positive correlations were found between CD and TFA: C18:1 trans 11 (vaccenic acid) in AD patients; sum of TFA and C18:2 cis 9 trans 12 in patients with vascular dementia (P<0.05). In RBCs, a negative correlation was observed between C18:1 trans 11 and MMSE scores in vascular dementia. Altogether, our data suggest the existence of relationships between TFA, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and the risk of cognitive disorders.