To evaluate the effect of chlorhexidine digluconate rinsing solution on plaque and gingival bleeding in orthodontic patients with fixed appliances. Materials and Methods: This study included 42 orthodontic patients (29 females and 13 males), who were undergoing treatment in orthodontic postgraduate clinic of the collage of Dentistry, Mosul University. The patients of this study had a mean age of 18 years (range 12-28 years). The patients were divided in to control group (brushing only, N=20) and an experimental group (brushing +chlorhexidine digluconate mouth rinse, N=22). Plaque, gingival indices scores, in addition to pocket depth were measured in different three time periods (day 0, two weeks and four weeks). Results: Plaque, gingival indices scores, in addition to pocket depth shows statically significant differences at level (p≤0.05) among different genders between the two groups for each of the three time periods. Conclusions: The use of chlorhexidine digluconate based mouth rinses reduced bacterial plaque accumulation, pocket depth and improved the gingival index.

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Aims: To determine the possible effect of genetic factor on Bolton tooth size discrepancy between siblings in families living in Mosul City (Iraq). Material and methods: The study sample included 126 subjects distributed between 45 families in Mosul City (Iraq), (56 females and 70 males) whose ages ranged between (20-35) years. The sibling pairs were divided into three groups according to gender: male-male (24 pairs), female-female (18pairs), male-female (21 pairs). Electronic digital vernire with fine tips was used to measure the maximum mesio-distal widths of the teeth, and Bolton anterior and over all ratios was calculated. The effect of Heritability on Bolton ratios was studied by means of Harvey's mixed model least-squares and maximum likelihood computer program (LSMLMW) model type II. Results: Statistical analysis showed that Heritability was effective on Bolton tooth-size discrepancy in all groups, with the higher means for the anterior and over all ratios are for the male-male group. While the female-male group showed the lowest mean for the anterior ratio and the female-female group showed the lowest mean for the overall ratio. Conclusions: Siblings showed similar malocclusions, and examination of older sibling can provide clues to the need for interception and early treatment of malocclusion.