Intramuscular injection is common procedure that nurses frequently carry out which causes pain and distress to the patient , Heifer skin tapping technique have positive effect to reduce intramuscular injection pain ,therefore, Aim of the study: was to assess the effectiveness of Heifer Skin Tap Technique on Pain Associated with Intramuscular Injection at the study setting .Methods: Aquasi-experimental research design was conducted at medical and surgical units at Main Mansoura University Hospital. Purposive sample of adult patient admitted through a period of six months from the beginning of March 2014 to the end of August 2014 at above mention setting and who was take IM injection for treatment by vitamins and analgesics and fulfilling the following inclusion criteria. A total of 100 patients with IM in the injection were entered study. Each patient was administered repeated intramuscular injections at the gluteal site. Then pain level with administration of intramuscular injection by traditional technique were compared with pain level with Heifer Skin Tapping Technique. The tools developed and used for data collection were Sociodemographic characteristics and assessment of pain level with Universal Pain Assessment Tool. results The pain perception of patients in terms of pain level of traditional technique was found to be significantly higher than pain level of Heifer skin tapping Technique conclusion that skin tapping technique was effective in reducing pain level of patients. Thus, skin tapping technique can be used as an intervention to reduce pain associated with administration of intramuscular injection

Background Bronchoscopy plays a significant role in the diagnosis of a variety of pulmonary diseases, with low morbidity and rare mortality. The patient learning has appositive effects in decrease patient's anxiety, decrease incidence of complications; decrease the length of hospitalization and increase patient's cooperation therefore, Aim of the study: was to assess the learning needs for patients undergoing bronchoscope procedure at the study setting. Methods: Explorative descriptive research design was conducted in the'' Bronchoscope Unit'' at the Chest Department of the Mansoura University Hospital. The data were collected from convenient sample 150 patients of both sexes who correspond to inclusion criteria. Results: The results indicate that the majority of patients did not have knowledge about pre-procedure and post procedure preparations, post procedure complications, expected sensations from bronchoscope and how to manage the complications. It was noticed that patients need more information about these topics to help them to grants a sense of control and it can reduce anxiety, improve compliance, create realistic expectations, promote self-care and participation, and generate feeling of safety and security. Conclusion: The assessment of learning needs for patients undergoing bronchoscope clearly indicate that nurse need for a general teaching guideline to be used when dealing with bronchoscope patients to help patients, participation in achieving a successful outcome of the bronchoscope procedure and treatment plan.