ABSTRAKPencarian bahan energi alternatif yang tidak berkompetisi dengan pangan dan pakan sangat perlu dan mendesak. Biomassa lignoselulosa merupakan salah satu sumber energi terbarukan yang potensial. Metode penggandaan produksi bioenergi dari skala laboratorium ke skala industri perlu dikaji untuk pengembangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan metode penggandaan produksi bioetanol dari tongkol jagung. Percobaan produksi bioetanol dari skala laboratorium ke skala industri dilakukan dengan metode Pg/V tetap (tenaga pengadukan per volume). Perhitungan penggandaan skala berdasarkan data reologi cairan fermentasi dan spesifikasi fermentor yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggandaan skala produksi bioetanol dengan kapasitas bioreaktor 200 l, menghasilkan volume kerja 65% atau 130 liter dengan tinggi cairan fermentasi 0,840 m, diameter tangki bioreaktor 0,441 m, diameter pengaduk jenis turbin pipih 0,187 m, dan kecepatan agitasi 66,34 rpm. Berdasarkan perhitungan dasar penggandaan produksi bioetanol dengan kapasitas bioreaktor 10.000 l diperoleh volume kerja 65% atau 6.500 l dengan tinggi cairan fermentasi 2,87 m, diameter tangki bioreaktor 1,49 m, diameter pengaduk jenis turbin pipih 0,63 m, dan kecepatan agitasi 29,52 rpm.Kata kunci: jagung, tongkol, lignoselulosa, bioetanol, penggandaan produksi ABSTRACTThe effort to search for alternative energy materials that do not compete with food and feed is necessary and urgent. Lignocellulosic biomass is one potential source of renewable energy. Scalinge up methodproduction of bioenergy production from laboratory scale to industrial scale needs to be studied and developed. The aim of this study is to find get scalinge up method o0f the bioethanol production from corn cobs. An Eexperiments on scalinge up of bioethanol production from laboratory scale to industrial scale was is done by the Pg / V constant method (stirring power per volume). Scale up calculations based on data from fermented liquid rheological characteristics and specifications fermenters are used. The results showed that the calculation of basic scale up bioethanol production capacity bioreactor of 200 l, obtained working volume of 65% or 130 l, high of liquid fermentation 0.840 m, diameter tank bioreactor 0.441 m, diameter of a stirrer of turbine type of flat 0.187 m and the speed of agitation at 66.34 rpm. Based on the calculation of basic scale up bioethanol production capacity bioreactor of 10,000 l, obtained working volume of 65% amounting to 6,500 l, high of liquid fermentation 2.87 m, diameter tank bioreactor 1.49 m, diameter of a stirrer of turbine type of flat 0.63 m and the speed of agitation at 29.52 rpm.

ABSTRAKCempedak (Artocarpus champeden), merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman eksotis asli Indonesia. Rasa buahnya sangat manis dan legit, aromanya sangat wangi dan khas. Buah cempedak merupakan buah klimaterik yang tingkat ketuaannya tidak seragam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan teknologi pemeraman buah cempedak yang menghasilkan kematangan buah cempedak lebih seragam dan lebih cepat tanpa harus merubah karakter fisik dan kimianya. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) 1 faktor yang terdiri dari sepuluh (10) perlakuan pemeraman dengan dua ulangan. Perlakuan tersebut meliputi kontrol (tanpa perlakuan), pelukaan, karbit pada beberapa dosis 1, 2, 3, dan 4 g/kg buah (C1,C2, C3 dan C4) dan ethrel pada beberapa dosis (1000, 1500, 2000 dan 2500) ppm. Analisis statistik yang dilakukan meliputi analisis univariate dan multivariate. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pemeraman dengan karbit dan ethrel dapat mempercepat pematangan buah cempedak lebih cepat 3 hari dibandingkan dengan perlakuan kontrol dan pelukaan. Semakin tinggi dosis karbit dan ethrel nilai TPT dan kadar air cenderung semakin rendah, sebaliknya nilai vitamin C semakin tinggi dengan semakin tingginya dosis pada hari keempat setelah pemeraman. Perlakuan pemeraman dengan dosis karbit 2 dan 3 g/kg mempunyai kemiripan dengan perlakuan pemeraman ethrel 1500 dan 2000 ppm pada karakter total asam, vitamin C, total padatan terlarut dan kadar air setelah 7 hari pemeraman. Analisis univariate (anova) efektif dalam hal memberikan informasi mengenai perlakuan yang terbaik, sedangkan analisis multivariate (manova dan PCA) efektif dalam mengurangi/mereduksi jumlah variabel dan menentukan kemiripan suatu variabel.Kata kunci: Cempedak, Fisikokimia dan Pemeraman, Analisis Univariate, Analisis Multivariate ABSTRACT Cempedak (Artocarpus champeden), is one of the original Indonesian exotic plant species. The fruit tastes very sweet and sticky, very fragrant aroma and distinctive. Cempedak fruit is a fruit that has dissimilar maturity level. This study aimed to obtain cempedak fruit ripening technology that produces cempedak fruit's maturity to be relatively homogeneous and faster without having to change the physical and chemical characteristics. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) 1 factor of ten (10) ripening treatment with two replications. The treatment includes a control (no treatment), wounding, carbide at a dose of 1, 2, 3, and 4 g / kg of fruit (C1, C2, C3 and C4) and Ethrel at several doses (1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500) ppm. Statistical analysis was conducted such as univariate and multivariate analyses. The results showed that treatments with calcium carbide and ethrel ripening may accelerate fruit ripening faster 3 days compared to the control treatment and wounding. The higher dose of calcium carbide and ethrel, TPT value and water content tend to be lower, whereas the higher value of vitamin C with the higher dose on the fourth day after ripening. Ripening treatment with doses o...

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<p>Pencarian bahan energi alternatif yang tidak berkompetisi dengan pangan dan pakan sangatlah perlu dan mendesak untuk dipikirkan. Biomassa lignoselulosa merupakan salah satu sumber energi yang potensial. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendapatkan perlakuan konsentrasi NaOH dan enzim selulase: xilanase yang optimum untuk produksi bioetanol dari tongkol jagung. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2014 sampai Nopember 2014 di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi dan Kimia Balai Besar Litbang Pascapanen Pertanian dan Pusat Penelitian Kimia LIPI. Bahan baku yang digunakan adalah tongkol jagung. Terdapat empat tahapan dalam penelitian ini, yang meliputi: 1). Karakteristik bahan baku, 2). Optimasi pengaruh perlakuan dosis NaOH pada proses delignifikasi terhadap perubahan karakteristik bahan serbuk tongkol jagung, rancangan percobaan pada tahapan ini yaitu rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) 1 faktor. 3). Optimasi pengaruh penambahan enzim selulase dan xilanase terhadap produksi bioetanol skala 500 g bahan baku, pada tahapan ini terdapat dua perlakuan penambahan perbandingan dosis enzim selulase: xilanase yang berbeda yaitu 1:1 % dan 2:2 %, analisis statistik yang digunakan pada tahapan ini yaitu analisis uji t-student. 4). Optimasi proses produksi bioetanol skala 50 kg bahan baku. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknologi produksi bioetanol dari tongkol jagung yaitu dengan cara serbuk tongkol jagung dilakukan <em>pretreatment</em> menggunakan larutan NaOH 10% dan dipanaskan menggunakan autoklaf dengan suhu 120-130 oC selama 20 menit. Selanjutnya bahan hasil delignifikasi dilakukan proses hidrolisis dan sakarifikasi menggunakan enzim xilanase:selulase dengan perbandingan 1 : 1. Proses selanjutnya yaitu proses fermentasi selama 3 hari dengan cara ditambahkan <em>Saccharomyces cereviciae</em> sebanyak 1%. Bioetanol yang dihasilkan sebanyak 14,65% dari total serbuk tongkol jagung yang digunakan dengan kadar alkohol 83,3%.</p><ul><li><strong>English Version<br /></strong></li></ul><p><strong>Effect of NaOH Concentration and Cellulose:Xilanase Enzymes For Bioethanol Production From Corn cob.</strong></p><p>The effort to search an alternative for energy materials that do not compete with food and feed is necessary and urgent to think about. Lignocellulosic biomass is one potential source of energy. The aim of this study is to obtain treatments NaOH concentration and cellulase:xylanase enzymes that optimum for bioethanol production from corn cobs.. The study was conducted in January until November 2014 at the Laboratory of Microbiology and Chemistry at Indonesian center for Agricultural Postharvest Research and Development and Indonesian Center for Chemical Research of LIPI. The raw material is corn cob. There were four stages in this study: 1). Characteristics of raw materials, 2). Optimization of pretreatment effect NaOH dose on delignification process to change the characteristics of corn cob powder, experimental design at this stage is completely randomized design (CRD) 1 factor 3). Optimization effect of cellulase and xylanase enzymes to bioethanol production scale 500 g of raw materials, there are two treatment concentration of enzymes cellulase:xylanase ie 1: 1% and 2: 2%, statistical analysis that used in this stage is the analysis of t-student test. 4). Optimization of the process of bioethanol production scale 50 kg of raw material. The results showed that the production of bioethanol from corncobs that is the way to do pretreatment of corncob powder using 10% NaOH solution and heated using autoclave at temperature of 120- 130 oC for 20 minutes. Furthermore, the resulted material from delignification was procced to saccharification and hydrolysis process using enzyme xylanase: cellulase with ratio of 1:1. The bioethanol produced was 14.65% from total corn cob powder used with alcohol content of 83.3%.</p>

Aflatoxin can be recognized clearly by using UV-light. This information is very important to develop the device for detecting the aflatoxin inside the corn by using image processing. Current research related to identification of aflatoxin has been conducted manually by the experts. This method have some weakness including subjectivity factors, inconsistent result, and time required used. Based on the problems above, it needed to create the rapid testing device for identification of aflatoxin with consistence result, accurate and easy tooperate. The research aimed to develop the device for rapid testing of aflatoxin. The method used image processing and artificial neural network. The raw material used was the corn. The image of aflatoxin taken by using digital camera (Gopro 4) and processed by image processing program. ANN model was developed with 10 input parameters, 20 hidden layers and 4 targets. The fourth of targets above were the size of aflatoxin such as 1 - 2 ppb, 2 – 3 ppb, 3 – 4 ppb dan 4 - 5 ppb. The result showed that the characteristics of image were very specific among the input parameters and the most influential to recognize the object was the longest diameter of aflatoxin. The result of training showed that the size of aflatoxin can be recognized by the system was 100%, while the validation by using the different sample was 99%. Based on this research can be conclude that image processing can be used as the rapid testing of aflatoxin.