Globalisasi tentu membawa dampak terhadap perkembangan pembangunan pada setiap negara, khususnya pada daerah yang memiliki potensi sumber daya yang berlimpah, oleh karena itu dilaksanakannya kegiatan pengalihfungsian hutan yang dilakukan atas izin negara melalui pemerintah. Namun dalam pratiknya ditemukan beberapa tindakan yang dilakukan sebagian oknum untuk mengeksploitasi kawasan hutan secara berlebih demi meraup keuntungan yang nantinya diklasifikasikan kedalam tindak pidana pembalakan liar (Illegal Logging). Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini ialah memahami eksistensi negara dalam pengawasan dan pengelolaan kawasan hutan, serta membandingkan tindak pidana pembalakan liar di Indonesia, Malaysia, dan Filiphina ditinjau dari peraturan perundang-undangan pada masing-masing negara. Metode penelitian hukum normatif berupa data sekunder, serta penulis melakukan perbandingan hukum antara hukum Indonesia, Malaysia, dan Filiphina yang dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan. Hasil yang diperoleh, bahwa tindak kejahatan pembalakan liar merupakan tindak pidana yang besar dan terorganisir, ketiga negara dalam regulasinya telah mengutuk semua tindakan yang berhubungan dengan perusakan lingkungan termasuk pembalakan liar, lemahnya penegakan hukum menjadi faktor penyebab kejahatan ini terulang setiap tahunnya.

The trend of unpaid apprenticeship programs is increasingly being found. Due to the increasingly high competition, many are still interested in joining the apprenticeship program without pay, with the lure of work experience for the next career step. The growing interest in unpaid internships is also supported by the company's strategy to reduce expenses and the high desire of prospective interns to gain knowledge in the field of work. Companies often use this condition to obtain workers who are not bound by a minimum wage. If it continues to happen, the purpose of apprenticeship, which was initially skills training, becomes exploitation of workers. The purpose of writing is to analyze unpaid apprenticeships in increasing the integrity of the workforce in Indonesia, how the Indonesian workforce views the practice of unpaid apprenticeships and the government's role as a labour regulator in Indonesia. This analytical descriptive study utilizes a normative legal research typology, a normative juridical approach and is analyzed through a qualitative approach. The study results show that the apprenticeship programs' regulations still need to be specific, especially regarding the wage rights of apprentice workers. The government, as a regulator, should understand the high interest in apprenticeship programs, so clear legal protection is needed for apprentices. The outcome of this paper will be the awareness of the lack of strict regulations protecting the rights of apprentices based on one of the cases, namely the Campuspedia apprenticeship, to continue to be critically studied.

Mining is a strategic sector that must be utilized by the government as well as possible. In accordance with the mandate contained in Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution, the government or the state is obliged to serve every citizen and resident to fulfill their basic needs in the context of public services and improving the welfare of the community. One of the public services that get a bad impression in the community is related to licensing services. At the beginning of 2021, there was a case phenomenon that became a polemic of debate among the community, government and environmental health observers. The phenomenon is that it is easy for the government to issue a mining business permit (IUP) decree to PT Tambang Mas Sangihe (TMS) which substantially violates Law Number 27 of 2007 concerning Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands as well as having a large potential to cause environmental damage because some of the the area that gets the mining permit is a protected forest which is home to several endemic animals and plants that are threatened with extinction. This study uses normative research methods to determine the legal consequences of the policy. The purpose of this study is to provide several points of consideration to the government in terms of re-evaluating the decree. The results of this study indicate that Decree Number 163.K/MB.04/DJB/2021 has legal consequences for re-evaluation because in addition to violating other laws, the decision has the potential to cause damage to the natural environment in the Sangihe Islands. Key Words: Mining, Licensing, Environment