No abstract

One of the main challenges facing the expansion of universal health coverage (UHC) in developing countries like Indonesia is the high prevalence of those working in the informal sector who must voluntarily register in the National Health Insurance System (NHIS). This condition hinders some from being covered by the NHIS. Following Bourdieu's concepts of field, capital and habitus, this research aims to analyse some aspects that influence the decision of informal sector workers to join the NHIS in Indonesia. We conducted qualitative methods, including in-depth interviews of 29 informants and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) in the three selected regions of Deli Serdang (North Sumatera), Pandeglang (Banten) and Kupang (East Nusa Tenggara). Using thematic content analysis and several triangulation processes, this study found that three main factors influence the decisions of those working in the informal sector to join the NHIS: health conditions, family and peers, and existing knowledge and experience. The stories provided by the informants regarding their decision-making processes in joining NHIS also reveal the necessary and sufficient conditions that enable informal sector workers to join the NHIS, which are individual-specific and which may differ between people, depending on individual characteristics, regional socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and belief systems. These three factors are all necessary conditions to support the joining of informal sector workers into the NHIS. This study suggests that one possible route for expanding the UHC coverage of informal sector workers is through maximising the word-of-mouth effect by engaging local or influential leaders.

No abstract

No abstract

The iceberg phenomenon has become a popular expression of the widespread non-violence against children that is spreading in Indonesia. This phenomenon shows that the social symptoms of acts of violence against children appear small on the surface but in reality are bigger than what is visible on the surface. The scene of acts of violence against children no longer only occurs in the private sphere but has entered the public sphere. Schools are one of the places where violence against children is often the center of attention. Actors who commit acts of violence against children can be carried out by teachers against students or between students. This study aims to examine the forms and actors of violence in schools. Acts of violence that occur in schools are still relatively few and only limited to acts of physical and psychological violence. Both forms of violence are not high in intensity. Bullying is a form of violence that is mostly done by female students, while acts of physical violence in the form of fights and threats are mostly done by male students. Meanwhile, teachers or other stakeholders were not found to have committed acts of violence. There are four times that are considered to be prone to acts of violence against children, namely during recess, after school, changing class hours and empty classes. Most of the incidents of violence occurred in the environment outside the school rather than in the school environment. Although outside the school environment, the place is not far from the school, just outside the school fence. Behind the school and outside the school near the river are the most vulnerable places used by school students to commit acts of violence. These places are often used by male students to gather there.