The Covid-19 pandemic has changed many government policies. One of them is distance learning policies implemented by affected countries. However, distance-learning or online learning program has received a negative response due to the lack of preparation and socialization. Therefore parents, teachers, and students find it difficult to adapt. Students feel doubtful and anxious about success in online learning programs. At the same time, students need high self-efficacy to advance in learning and get the desired results. Therefore, this study aims to describe the description of student self-efficacy in online learning during the pandemics. The research method used is a qualitative approach. The primary data in library studies are compiled through various search pages for scientific journals, books, and government regulations. The study results show that not all students' academic self-efficacy during distance learning is high. Some students are in the lower middle category. In addition, social support has a strong role in increasing students' academic self-efficacy. Thus, this research can be used as an evaluation material in education and a reference in creating policies.

Regulations on handling criminal children in Indonesia refer to restorative justice that prioritizes the most beneficial for children’s future. However, the number of child perpetrators of criminal acts whose handling through the judicial process is relatively high. This study aims to describe and analyze the application of restorative justice in Indonesia and acknowledge the psychological conditions and stages of adolescent development involved in criminal acts. In addition, this study also considers from an Islamic Law perspective. This paper is a literature review using legislation, journals, and books as primary data described descriptively. This study reveals that children aged 12-18 years are immature emotionally and cognitively and experience turbulent changes from various aspects that cause children to commit criminal acts. Thus, managing through the diversion mechanism is prioritized over the judicial process. The diversion mechanism regulating juvenile perpetrators of criminal acts aims to restore relationships, children’s best advantages and protect children’s rights based on restorative justice. The author argues that punishment for children must consider the child’s ability to take responsibility for the cases committed, not as revenge for the violations committed.

Despite reaping the pros and cons of the community, the presence of gay students continues to increase. This study aims to see how the role of fathers in parenting and education from the perception of gay students. The method used is qualitative with a case study approach, with analysis using coding techniques. The subjects of this study were two students who claimed to be gay. Based on the results of the analysis of the two participants, it shows that fathers have a minor role in parenting and education. The father's role is decreased because the work location is far away. The interaction of the participants becomes dominant with the mother and older sister. The mother figure becomes the only role model who sets an example, disciplines, controls, and monitors. The dominance of the mother's role made both participants more comfortable communicating with the mother than the father. The lack of father involvement in parenting and education makes the chosen activities, role models, and role replication depend on the mother figure and older sister. The condition of the lack of paternal care and the dominant role of the mother strengthen the risk of gender identity perplexing that occurs in gay students.Keywords: Gay Student, Parenting, Fatherless, Gender IdentityMeskipun menuai pro dan kontra dari masyarakat, keberadaan mahasiswa gay terus meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana peran ayah dalam pengasuhan dan pendidikan dari persepsi mahasiswa gay. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus, dengan analisis menggunakan teknik koding. Subjek penelitian ini adalah dua orang mahasiswa yang mengaku sebagai gay. Berdasarkan hasil analisis kedua partisipan, menunjukkan bahwa ayah mempunyai peran yang kurang dalam pengasuhan dan pendidikan. Peran ayah menjadi berkurang karena lokasi kerja yang jauh, sehingga interaksi partisipan menjadi dominan dengan ibu dan kakak perempuan. Figur ibu menjadi satu-satunya role model yang memberi contoh, mendisiplinkan, mengontrol, dan memantau. Dominasi peran ibu membuat kedua partisipan lebih nyaman untuk berkomunikasi dengan ibu dibandingkan ayah. Kurangnya keterlibatan ayah dalam pengasuhan dan pendidikan menjadikan aktivitas yang dipilih, teladan, hingga replikasi peran bergantung pada sosok ibu serta kakak perempuan. Kondisi kurangnya pengasuhan ayah dan dominannya peran ibu memperkuat risiko kebingungan identitas gender yang terjadi pada mahasiswa gay.Kata kunci: Mahasiswa Gay, Pengasuhan, Peran Ayah, Identitas Gender

The main role of probation officers is implementing restorative justice for the juvenile. However, a rape perpetrator with intellectual disability will encourage a different approach. Therefore, this study aims to explain how the application of restorative justice by probation officers on youth offenders with intellectual disabilities. The method used in this study is an empirical normative method. Primary legal materials were obtained through interviews with probation officers tasked with assisting in the investigation, prosecution, and examination in court, to assist in implementing decisions. Another source of legal materials was also obtained through the document of community research. Finally, secondary legal materials were obtained from various sources such as legislation, library books, and scientific journals. The results show three primary points. First, probation officers have realized restorative justice through their role in community research and mentoring. Second, probation officers provide recommendations for the rehabilitation of offenders. Third, probation officers reinforce other law enforcers such as police, prosecutors, and judges to conduct psychological diagnoses to ensure the child’s condition. However, this study also finds that not all law enforcers can understand and handle children with intellectual disabilities.

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