In this paper, we attempt to analyze the dynamic interplay between Bitcoin, social media, and the Covid-19 health crisis. For this end, we apply the fractional autoregressive vector model, fractional error correction model and impulse response functions on daily data over the period 31/12/2019-30/10/2020. Our results clearly show the short- and long-term evidence of the nexus between the Bitcoin price, social media metrics (Tweets and Google Trends) and the intensity of the Covid-19 pandemic. As well, the Covid-19 pandemic does not impact on social media metrics in the short- and long-term. On the other hand, the Covid-19 pandemic positively affects social media metrics. Also, the Covid-19 pandemic encourages investing in digital currencies such as Bitcoin. So, the Covid-19 health crisis significantly influences social media networks and Bitcoin prices.

The article examines the dynamic dependence structure and risk spillover between the future market of energy commodities and Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) stock markets for different market conditions. The study used copula-based multivariate GARCH model, or in short C-MGARCH model, to explore the conditional correlation by multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (MGARCH) and the remaining dependence by different copula models. Our results provide significant positive dynamic dependency among crude oil markets (natural gas market) and BRICS stock markets. We then explore the financial implications of volatility spillovers regarding portfolio risk management through an analysis of risk spillovers from energy market to BRICS countries using the value at Risk (VaR), conditional value at risk (CVaR) and delta CVaR. Our findings support the existence of significant risk spillover between crude oil markets (natural gas market) and BRICS stock markets. The presence of volatility spillover among oil prices, natural gas prices and BRICS stock market implies that oil market information (natural gas market information) enhances the volatility forecast in stock markets. Consequently, investors must take oil markets and natural gas markets into account at the time of financial portfolios structuring and in improving their hedging strategies.

In this paper, we try to investigate the contribution of digitalization on economic growth in both developed and developing countries over the period 1990-2020. For this end, different econometric tools are applied on a panel dataset. Overall, we show that the digital technologies seem to significantly and positively affect economic growth in both groups of countries. The digitalization impact level tends to differ across countries. Our empirical results also display that the short- and long-term relationship between information and communication technologies and economic growth is well documented. Such results can be useful for policymakers to enhance the digital economy and provide novel channels to develop adequate policies and promote new institutions. So, benefits from digitalization can lead to realize substantial economic growth.

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