Values are often used to examine cultural variability. Yet, little research has focused on the functions that values fulfill and the implications of these functions for understanding cultural variability. This paper describes a theoretical analysis of the functions of values based on 2 widely accepted pan-cultural functions: values guide actions and express needs. The theoretical model proposes that the first function differentiates values according to the goals pursued (personal, central, or social goals), whereas the second function differentiates values according to the needs expressed (survival or thriving needs). A combination of these 2 functions yields 6 basic values (structural hypothesis) with specific marker values (content hypothesis). Support for the hypotheses was obtained in a large convenience national sample (N = 5,176) of Brazilian university students with confirmatory factor analysis and multidimensional scaling. Central values were located between personal and social values, and survival and thriving values separated into 2 regions. Theoretical and cross-cultural implications of the findings, especially the universality of the general structure of motivational aims, are discussed, along with interpretations of existing value scales from a functional perspective.Keywords: human values, functions, structure, content, Brazil Los valores se emplean para examinar la variabilidad cultural, pero ha sido escasa la investigación centrada en las funciones de los valores y sus implicaciones para comprender la variabilidad cultural. El artículo analiza teóricamente las funciones de los valores basado en 2 funciones panculturales ampliamente aceptadas: los valores guían acciones y expresan necesidades. El modelo teórico propone que la primera función distingue a los valores según las metas perseguidas (personales, centrales o sociales); la segunda función los diferencia según las necesidades (de supervivencia o crecimiento). La combinación de estas funciones arroja 6 valores básicos (hipótesis estructural) con valores marcadores específicos (hipótesis de contenido). Estas hipótesis fueron apoyadas en una muestra intencionada nacional amplia (N = 5.176) de estudiantes universitarios brasileños, por medio de análisis factorial confirmatorio y escalamiento multidimensional. Los valores centrales se situaron entre los valores personales y sociales y los de supervivencia y de crecimiento se separaron en 2 áreas. Se discuten las implicaciones teóricas y transculturales de los resultados, especialmente la universalidad de la estructura general de metas motivacionales, junto con interpretaciones de escalas de valores existentes.Palabras clave: valores humanos, funciones, estructura, contenido, BrasilResearch investigating the interplay between culture and psychology has grown markedly in the last few decades and individual and cultural values are one of the main psychological constructs used to understand and access cultural variability (Matsumoto & Yoo, 2006). In the present article we report an empirical study t...
The objective of this study was to identify the social representations of the elderly regarding active aging. Semi-structured interviews were performed with 100 functionally independent aged individuals from João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil. The data was organized and analyzed using Alceste software. Results showed that the aged individuals' statements about active aging are permeated with positive contents. However, when aging is not associated with the word active, it is still represented as losses and disabilities. Despite the existence of losses during the process, active aging should be encouraged among the elderly, as it means living a quality, plentiful life. Maintaining the elderly functionally independent is the first step to achieving active aging and thus improving their quality of life.
This study secured evidence of the validity and reliability of the Mate Retention Inventory-Short Form (MRI-SF) in the Brazilian context. Participants were 212 individuals in a long-term, heterosexual, romantic relationship residing in Fortaleza, aged between 18 and 59 years (M = 26.3, SD = 7.5), mainly female (58.5%) and attending college (60.8%). The average duration of the romantic relationship was 59.3 months (SD = 63.8 months). Participants answered demographic questions and completed a Brazilian Portuguese translation of the MRI-SF, which presents 38 items that assess how often participants performed each mate retention act described. The results indicated a two-factor structure that explained 33.3% of the total variance. The results also indicated that men and women differentially use several mate retention tactics. These results are discussed in light of evolutionary hypotheses of mate selection, and we highlight limitations of the current research and identify important directions for future research.
RESUMO. O objetivo do presente estudo foi adaptar a Escala de Racismo Moderno ao contexto brasileiro. Pretendeuse conhecer sua validade de construto (estrutura fatorial) e consistência interna (Alfa de Cronbach, α). Contou-se com a participação de 269 sujeitos, com idade média de 21 anos (DP = 4,76; amplitude de 15 a 38), em sua maioria do sexo feminino (73,6%), solteiros (81,8%) e estudantes universitários (74%). Estes responderam a perguntas demográficas e uma bateria de seis medidas, entre as quais a Escala de Racismo Moderno, que teoricamente cobre dois fatores nítidos: negação do preconceito e ameaça aos princípios de igualdade. Coerentemente, a análise fatorial realizada permitiu identificar dois fatores que explicaram conjuntamente 32,4% da variância total, sendo interpretados como negação do preconceito (α = 0,71) e afirmação de diferenças (α = 0,74). Estes resultados são discutidos à luz de estudos previamente realizados, sugerindo-se a possibilidade de se considerar uma estrutura bifatorial para a medida do preconceito sutil na população estudada. Palavras-chave: preconceito, discriminação, afirmação de diferenças.
rESUMo objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer evidências de validade e precisão do Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). Métodos: Contou-se com uma amostra de conveniência (não probabilística) de 547 estudantes universitários de Fortaleza (CE), com idade média de 21,6 anos (dp = 4,86; amplitude de 18 a 53), a maioria do sexo masculino (51,5%), solteira (91,4%) e católica (62,5%). Os participantes responderam ao AUDIT e a perguntas demográficas. Procurando conhecer a estrutura fatorial, além de estatísticas descritivas, realizou-se uma Análise de Componentes Principais. Adicionalmente, a fim de avaliar a precisão do instrumento, efetuaram-se cálculos de alfa de Cronbach (consistência interna), correlações de r de Pearson e coeficiente de correlação intraclasse -ICC (precisão teste-reteste). resultados: De acordo com a análise de componentes principais com rotação oblimin, a estrutura bifatorial do AUDIT mostrou-se coerente, com todos os itens apresentando saturações satisfatórias, superior a |0,40|, tendo o Fator 1 explicado 47,5% da variância total com alfa de 0,84 e o Fator 2 explicado 11,6% da variância total com alfa de 0,69. Os resultados do teste-reteste indicaram correlação forte entre os dados obtidos na primeira (t 1 ) e segunda (t 2 ) aplicação (r tt = 0,94, p < 0,01), sem diferença significativa de médias nos dois tempos (m t1 = 0,37, dp = 0,49; m t2 = 0,34, dp 2 = 0,47; p > 0,05), com ICC satisfatório (0,96). Conclusões: Os achados apoiaram a adequação psicométrica do AUDIT, com as análises fatoriais explorató-rias apontando como mais satisfatória a estrutura com dois fatores, bem como atestaram sua boa estabilidade temporal. aBStraCt objective: This study aimed to know evidences of validity and reliability of the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). Methods: For this purpose, we considered 547 college students from Fortaleza (CE) with a mean age of 21.6 years (sd = 4.86, varying from 18 to 53), mostly male (51.5%), single (91.4%) and catholic (62.5%). The participants answered the AUDIT and demographic questions. Looking to know AUDIT's factorial structure, we carried out a principal component analysis. Additionally, in order to evaluate its reliability, we calculated Cronbach's alpha (internal consistency), Pearson correlation r and intraclass coefficient Palavras-chave AUDIT, alcoolismo, estudos de validação, instrumento de rastreio, parâmetros.
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