This study secured evidence of the validity and reliability of the Mate Retention Inventory-Short Form (MRI-SF) in the Brazilian context. Participants were 212 individuals in a long-term, heterosexual, romantic relationship residing in Fortaleza, aged between 18 and 59 years (M = 26.3, SD = 7.5), mainly female (58.5%) and attending college (60.8%). The average duration of the romantic relationship was 59.3 months (SD = 63.8 months). Participants answered demographic questions and completed a Brazilian Portuguese translation of the MRI-SF, which presents 38 items that assess how often participants performed each mate retention act described. The results indicated a two-factor structure that explained 33.3% of the total variance. The results also indicated that men and women differentially use several mate retention tactics. These results are discussed in light of evolutionary hypotheses of mate selection, and we highlight limitations of the current research and identify important directions for future research.
Sperm competition theory can be used to generate the hypothesis that men alter the quality of their ejaculates as a function of sperm competition risk. Using a repeated measures experimental design, we investigated whether men produce a higher quality ejaculate when primed with cues to sperm competition (i.e., imagined partner infidelity) relative to a control prime. Men ( n = 45) submitted two masturbatory ejaculates-one ejaculate sample for each condition (i.e., sperm competition and control conditions). Ejaculates were assessed on 17 clinical parameters. The results did not support the hypothesis: Men did not produce higher quality ejaculates in the sperm competition condition relative to the control condition. Despite the null results of the current research, there is evidence for psychological and physiological adaptations to sperm competition in humans. We discuss methodological limitations that may have produced the null results and present methodological suggestions for research on human sperm competition.
Esse estudo analisou como jovens de escolas públicas identificam e avaliam vivências de violência no ambiente familiar e comunitário, partindo de um recorte de uma pesquisa sobre risco e proteção na população juvenil. Para tanto, foram selecionados 529 estudantes, de 14 a 24 anos e ambos os sexos, que afirmaram ter sofrido algum tipo de violência naqueles ambientes. Aplicou-se um instrumento com 77 questões sobre situações cotidianas e fez-se análise dos itens relativos à vivência de situações de violência. Os resultados demonstraram a ocorrência mais frequente de violência física na família. Já, na comunidade, ameaça ou humilhação. A percepção negativa dos jovens sobre o ambiente de ocorrência da violência, destacou-se o familiar. Os dados sobre autoestima e autoeficácia revelaram aspectos protetivos. As análises conduzem à conclusão de que a percepção da violência como fator de risco precisa ser compreendida no contexto de participação do jovem e na sua história.
ResumoO presente estudo buscou verificar a adequação dos modelos uni e multifatoriais do AUDIT, bem como verificar sua validade convergente e de critério. Participaram da pesquisa 386 pessoas da população geral com idade média de 27,7 anos (dp=10,5). Além do AUDIT, os participantes responderam a dois instrumentos correlatos e a perguntas biossociodemográficas. As análises indicaram a adequação do modelo de três fatores, com índices de qualidade de ajuste (χ²/gl=63,29, CFI=0,98, AGFI=0,98 e RMSEA=0,05) estatisticamente superiores às estruturas uni e bifatoriais. Finalmente, por meio de correlações r de Pearson e da comparação de médias foram atestadas a validade convergente e de critério do AUDIT, assegurando sua proposta de medir o consumo de álcool e demonstrando sua aplicabilidade na triagem de bebedores-problema. Palavras-chave: AUDIT, Estudo de validação, Análise fatorial confirmatória, Alcoolismo. Measuring alcohol consumption: confirmatory factor analysis of The Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the adequacy of uni and multi-factorial models of AUDIT, as well as to verify its convergent and criterion validity. Participants consisted in 386 people from the general population with average age of 27.7 years (SD=10.5). In addition to AUDIT , the participants responded to two others correlated instruments -CAGE and EAFUA -and to biosocialdemographic questions. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated the adequacy of the model of three factors, with goodness of fit indexes (χ²/gl=63,29, CFI=0,98, AGFI=0,98 e RMSEA=0,05) statistically higher than the structure of one and two factors. Finally, resorting to Pearson's r correlations and the comparison of means, both convergent and criterion validity of AUDIT were confirmed, attesting its proposal of measuring alcohol consumption and demonstrating its applicability in the screening of problem drinkers. Keywords: AUDIT, Validation studies, Confirmatory factor analysis, Alcoholism. . Midiendo consumo de alcohol: análisis factorial confirmatorio del (AUDIT)Resumen Este estudio buscó verificar la adecuación de los modelos uni y multi-factoriales del AUDIT y verificar su validez convergente y de criterio. Participaron de la investigación 386 personas de la población general, con un promedio de edad de 27,7 años (DT=10,5). Además del AUDIT, los participantes respondieron a dos instrumentos correlativos y a cuestiones sociodemográficas. Los análisis indicaron la adecuación del modelo de tres factores, con los índices calidad de ajuste (χ ²/gl=63,29, CFI=0,98, AGFI=0,98 y RMSEA=0,05) estadísticamente superiores a las estructuras uni y bifactoriales. Finalmente, por medio de correlaciones r de Pearson y de comparación de las medias se comprobó la validez convergente y de criterio del AUDIT, asegurando su propuesta para medir el consumo de alcohol y demostrando su aplicabilidad en la detección de bebedores problema. Palabras-clave: AUDIT, Estudio de validez, Análisis factorial confirmatorio, Alcoholismo.
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