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-The control of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. SMITH) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) has been carried out mainly with pyrethroids and organophosphates insecticides. The continuous and indiscriminate use of synthetic insecticides, for decades, has led to the selection of resistant populations and has caused concerns for human health and the environment. An alternative is the use of botanical insecticides, including through the mixtures with synthetic insecticides. This study aimed to investigate the toxicity of copaiba oil-resin mixtures (COR) with deltamethrin, beta-cyfluthrin, beta-cypermethrin, methomyl, triazophos and chlorpyrifos for S. frugiperda. Bioassays were performed in the laboratory using newly hatched caterpillars on a contaminated surface (filter paper). Initially, concentration-mortality curves were established for each insecticide and COR. Based on the results, experiments were conducted to verify the effect of the COR mixtures with synthetic insecticides in the proportions of 1:1 (LC 25 + LC 25 ) on larvae of S. frugiperda. Additionally, COR concentration-response curves were established by adding 1/8 of the recommended rate of each insecticide. Notably, the use of this concentration for all insecticides was previously determined in bioassays, and no significant toxicity was found for S. frugiperda caterpillars. It was found that the toxicity of COR increased substantially by adding synthetic insecticides, especially with lower mixtures with beta-cypermethrin, methomyl and triazophos.Keywords: Bioinsecticide. Additive effect. Synergism. Corn plague. Integrated pest management. POTENCIALIZAÇÃO DO ÓLEO-RESINA DE COPAÍBA COM INSETICIDAS SINTÉTICOS PARAO CONTROLE DA LAGARTA-DO-CARTUCHO RESUMO -O controle de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. SMITH) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) tem sido realizado principalmente com inseticidas piretróides e organofosforados. O uso contínuo e indiscriminados de inseticidas sintéticos, durante décadas, tem ocasionado a seleção de populações resistentes, bem como preocupações em relação à saúde humana e ao meio ambiente. Uma alternativa é o emprego de inseticidas botânicos, inclusive por meio de misturas com inseticidas sintéticos. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo investigar a toxicidade de misturas do óleo-resina de copaíba (ORC) com os inseticidas deltametrina, beta-ciflutrina, beta-cipermetrina, metomil, triazofós e clorpirifós para S. frugiperda. Foram realizados bioensaios em laboratório utilizando-se lagartas recém-eclodidas em superfície contaminada (papel filtro). Inicialmente, foram estabelecidas curvas de concentração-mortalidade para cada inseticida e para o COR. A partir dos resultados obtidos foram realizados bioensaios para verificar o efeito das misturas do ORC com os inseticidas sintéticos nas proporções de 1:1 (CL 25 + CL 25 ) sobre lagartas de S. frugiperda. Adicionalmente, foram estabelecidas curvas de concentração-resposta do ORC adicionando-se 1/8 da dose comercial de cada inseticida. Vale destacar que o uso desta fração para todos os inseticidas foi d...

Objetivou-se avaliar, neste trabalho, a qualidade de mudas orgânicas de maracujazeiro amarelo produzidas utilizando substratos alternativos. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com cinco tratamentos, quatro repetições com cinco mudas por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos constituíram-se por alteração dos condicionadores no substrato, sendo: Caule decomposto de sumaúma; Fibra do caule da palmeira ouricurí; Fibra da casca de coco; Casca de arroz carbonizada e Substrato comercial Golden®, que foi utilizado como tratamento controle. Exceto o substrato comercial, os demais apresentaram a seguinte composição: 30% de terra, 30% de composto orgânico, 30% de condicionador, 10% de fino de carvão vegetal, 1,0 kg.m-3 de calcário dolomítico, 1,5 kg.m-3 de termofosfato natural e 1,0 kg.m-3 de sulfato de potássio. O experimento foi conduzido em viveiro, em junho de 2016, no Sitio Ecológico Seridó em Rio Branco, AC. Avaliou-se aos 60 dias após a semeadura o diâmetro do colo, altura da planta, índice de qualidade, massa seca da parte aérea, raiz e total das mudas. Substratos contendo como condicionador casca de arroz carbonizada ou caule decomposto de sumaúma produzem mudas de maracujazeiro amarelo de melhor qualidade.

The yellow passion fruit presents a high nutritional demand, and successive cultivations in the same area lead the soil to nutritional exhaustion, creating the need for restitution through fertilizers. In the context of organic managements, alternatives must be sought, which, besides improving soil fertility, can increase the contents of soil organic matter. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of organic basal fertilization in passion fruit cultivation on the chemical properties of the soil and nutrient contents of the plant. Two experiments were performed in two rural properties, with soils presenting sandy-loam and clay-loam texture. The experimental design was in randomized blocks (RBD), with 5 treatments and 4 blocks. The treatments consisted of the application of organic compost in different planting hole diameters: 0.4 m; 0.8 m; 1.2 m; 1.6 m, and 2.0 m, and their respective volumes of organic compost: 0.0007 m³; 0.03 m³; 0.06 m³, 0.10 m³; 0.16 m³. The chemical characteristics of the soil and the foliar content of nutrients were evaluated. Soil texture interferes with the effects of organic fertilization. Regardless of the texture, fertilization increases the contents of organic matter and P in the soil. The successive organic cultivation in a sandy-loam soil increases the content of P and provides higher foliar contents of N, P, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Zn, and Na.

RESUMENEsta investigación tiene el objetivo de hacer una selección de especies vegetales que son propias de la región Amazónica con potencial de uso en el manejo integrado de la oruga militar tardía Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Para tal, fue evaluado la eficiencia de extractos hidroalcohólicos de 15 especies vegetales que se son de la región. Los extractos fueron producidos a partir de las hojas, o de la cáscara, o de liana de las plantas. La eficiencia de los extractos (30 mg.mL -1 ) fue evaluada sobre huevos y larvas de 3º instar de S. frugiperda. Se constató una variación de respuesta de la oruga militar tardía entre los extractos hidroalcohólicos. El extracto de la cáscara de Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth.) Hook. f. ex K. Schum. presentó mayor eficiencia en los huevos, y el extracto de las hojas de Bauhinia forficata Link presentó mayor eficiencia en las larvas. Estos resultados son fundamentales para el manejo de la oruga militar tardía, toda vez que, los efectos nocivos reducen las pérdidas en la producción de maíz en las primeras fases del desarrollo del S. frugiperda. Se concluye que los extractos de C. spruceanum y B. forficata fueron los más eficientes para los huevos y larvas de la oruga militar tardía.Palabras clave: Spodoptera frugiperda, insecticidas botánicos, manejo integrado de plagas. ABSTRACTThis study aimed to screen plant species from the Amazon region for the potential to be used in the integrated management of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). For this purpose, the efficiency of the hydroalcoholic extracts of 15 plant species from the Amazon region was evaluated. The extracts were obtained from plant leaves, bark, or vines. The efficiency of the extracts (30 mg·mL −1 ) was evaluated on eggs and third instar larvae of S. frugiperda. A range of reactions of the fall armyworm to the hydroalcoholic extracts was observed. The extract obtained from the bark of Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth.) Hook. f. ex K. Schum. presented the highest efficiency against the eggs, whereas the extract obtained from the leaves of Bauhinia forficata Link was most efficient against the larvae. These findings are essential for the management of fall armyworms because the deleterious effects in the initial stages of S. frugiperda development significantly reduce maize production. In conclusion, the extracts of C. spruceanum and B. forficata were more efficient for eggs and larvae of the fall armyworm, respectively.