Carbapenem resistance, an emerging global health problem, compromises the treatment of infections caused by nosocomial pathogens. Preclinical and clinical trials demonstrate that a new generation of carbapenemases inhibitors, together with the recently approved avibactam, relebactam and vaborbactam, would address this resistance. Our review summarizes the latest developments related to carbapenemase inhibitors synthesized to date, as well as their spectrum of activity and their current stage of development. A particular focus will be on β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations that could potentially be used to treat infections caused by carbapenemase-producer pathogens. These new combinations mark a critical step forward the fight against antimicrobial resistance.

Background: Stem cells are one of the most fascinating areas of biology today they play an important role in our bodies from embryonic development through adulthood, and diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common degenerative diseases that affect all body tissues and organs. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bone marrow derived stem cells on the submandibular salivary glands in diabetic rats. Materials and methods A Total of sixty, adult male albino rats with body weight ranging from 180-200 grams were used in the present investigation. They were divided as follows, Group 1 (15 animals) served as controls. Group 2 (15 animals), they were subjected to a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Group 3: consisted of 30 animals, they were subdivided as follows: Subgroup 3.1 (15 animals), they were used for isolation and culture of bone marrow stem cells and Subgroup 3.2: (15 animals) they were subjected to a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, the same as group 2, in a dose of 60 mg/kg body weight for induction of diabetes mellitus. One week later, they were subjected to a single intravenous infusion of mesenchymal bone marrow stem cells. At the end of the experiment the animals of the different groups were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, their submandibular salivary glands dissected out, separated into right and left glands for histological and ultrastructural examination. Results Light and transmission electron microscopic results showed the degenerative changes of diabetes in group 2 and the high regenerative changes of bone marrow derived stem cells in group 3.2 compared to the control group 1. Conclusion Stem cells have magnificent regenerative effect in diseased and injured tissues in different organs.

Figure 2 2D transthoracic color doppler (CFD) echocardiography parasternal short axis (PSAX) view at presentation showing rupture of left ventricle at the level of inferior wall with the communication between the left ventricle and pericardial space

Introduction: Periodontal disease is one of the main dental diseases that affect millions of people around the world. Modern nanotechnology progression and renovations through nanodentistry providing a suitable solution for the treatment of many dental illnesses including periodontal disease. Aim: Histological and ultrastructural evaluation of the effect of silver nanoparticles in treatment of periodontitis in albino rats. Materials and methods: A total of 18 adults male albino rats with body weight ranging from 150 to 180 gm were used and divided into three groups group 1: served as control, group 2: used for induction of experimental periodontitis using wiring around the cervix of mandibular central incisors for two weeks, and group 3: after induction of experimental periodontitis as in group 2 they were subjected to intraperitoneal injection with silver nanoparticles for the treatment of periodontitis three times per week for four weeks. Results: Histological and ultrastructural investigation revealed that periodontal ligament around ligated mandibular incisors showed marked improvement in the degenerated fibers after injection with silver nanoparticles in group 3 compared to group 2 as the fibers regained their association in strong bundles and they regained their attachment to regenerated bone and tooth surface. Conclusions: Marked regeneration of the periodontium of periodontally affected ligated mandibular incisors reflected that silver nanoparticles have a great anti-inflammatory effect