O objetivo principal do trabalho é investigar a percepção dos principais atores envolvidos no processo de interação universidade empresa no Brasil. Isto é analisar como os dois segmentos (U/E) entendem a relação doponto de vista das dificuldades, interesses e resultados O artigo discute a partir de informações extraídas da base de dados da pesquisa Brazil Survey, o padrãodas relações universidade-indústria no Brasil. Os dados recolhidos da pesquisa de campo sugere a importância da interação entre universidade indústria para o processo de inovação no Brasil. Ambas, as empresas e universidades concordam que no caso brasileiro, as patentes não são importantes para a interação e para o processo de inovação. Por outro lado a interação maisinformal, como o encontro de intercâmbio, publicações e pesquisas são mais importantes para ambos atores.A comparison between the perceptions of the interaction process of universities/ research institutes and companiesAbstract: The main goal of the paper is to investigate how collaborative university-industry interactions occur in Brazil. That is to analyze how the two segments (U/E) understand the relationship from the point of view of the difficulties, interests and results. The article discusses based on information extracted from the database of the Survey Research Brazil, the pattern of university-industry relations Brazil. The field research of university-industry colaboration suggests the importance of the interaction for the innovation process in Brazil. Both firms and university agree that in Brazilian case, patents are not importante for interaction and for the innovation process. On the other hand more informal interaction like exchange meeting, publications and surveys are more importante for boths actors.Key-words: University industry relations; Colaborative research; Innovation; University industry interaction.JEL: O18; O31; R12.

RESUMOAs associações entre empresas não são fato novo. Todavia, principalmente a partir da década de 1980, as influências da internacionalização da competição e as pressões tecnológicas impuseram grandes mudanças na conformação desses arranjos. Verificou-se recentemente um forte crescimento dos acordos cooperativos entre firmas. Aqueles acordos que priorizam estratégias de aperfeiçoamento em termos de competência tecnológica passaram a ter grande participação na concorrência. Este artigo usa o conceito de redes de empresas, que permite a percepção de que é viável basear-se na competência de outras empresas para concorrer com maior eficácia, para a análise da natureza das alianças estratégicas

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta as diferentes trajetórias tecnológicas do segmento offshore na indústria petrolífera mundial considerando os seus principais aspectos e marcos constituintes. Mais especifi camente, serão analisadas as trajetórias diferentes nas duas primeiras grandes províncias de petróleo do segmento offshore: o Golfo do México (EUA) e o Mar do Norte (Europa). Junto com a Bacia de Campos (Brasil), são as mais produtivas e ricas do planeta e onde as três trajetórias tecnoló-gicas foram desenvolvidas. Esse levantamento histórico é importante porque resgata os elementos que dão as bases do conhecimento tecnológico que permitiu à Petrobras, de forma inédita, iniciar as suas atividades offshore nas décadas de 1960-1970. Será visto aqui que a exploração offshore signifi cou o surgimento de um novo paradigma tecnológico sustentado por três trajetórias.

This article discusses the key role played by the Brazilian telecommunications sector throughout the 1970s and 1980s in building and consolidating a sectoral innovation system (SIS) as part and parcel of a strategy to unify the existing network. The sector provided the essential conditions for the formation of a national technological capability, as was shown by the establishment of the Research and Development Centre of Telebrás (CPqD). A new debate arose, however, which led to the privatization of the Telebrás system - namely, that enhancing CPqD’s competitiveness was essential in a global market formed by strategic alliances. The global market-based strategic alliances set up in Brazil diminished the scope for CPqD and other potential actors to operate in partnership and facilitate the generation and exchange of knowledge. Consequently, the organizational status of CPqD was changed and the Brazilian sectoral innovation system was superseded by a system of global strategic alliances with traditional suppliers around the world. Questions, however, remain about prospects for R&D and innovation consequent upon restructuring of the sector.

Recently the discussion of technological standards became important due to the profusion of new technologies arising from the development of microelectronics, computing, telecommunications, etc. Sometimes, one standard can be adopted or not, depending on the way the competition unfolds. As it is well known, it is not necessarily the best standard which becomes dominant, neither are the consumers who choose it, but the standard from the firm that used the most efficient market strategies. Sometimes a standard takes a long time to become dominant or will not be established because the competition process forces the manufacturers to permanent innovation. Considering the development of digital libraries, the development of diffusion and preservation systems has followed another course, not based on competition, but through the exploration of the symbiosis between Free and Open Source Software (FOSS), Open Archiving Initiative (OAI), and following the Google dominance. From this initiative, the cost of interoperability among digital libraries has greatly diminished. The NSDL (National Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics and Education Digital Library) defines three levels of cooperation needed to achieve interoperability. The technical level is related to the capacity of each digital library for sharing their metadata and enabling a unified search. The level of correlated content allows distinct repositories to describe their contents uniformly. The organizational level allows the sharing of management and governance of the repositories. This case study describes the open protocols adopted by UFPR in the construction of its digital repository. The digital library's files on logs are used to analyse the increase in the accessibility and visibility of scientific production in this institution.