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Occupational injury would certainly give an impact not just to the victim but also to the organization and society at large. The impact would be in term of victim suffering, bad company reputation, low working moral among fellow workers and economic costs to the company. However, most of the aspects are difficult to quantify except for economics costs. The objective of this paper is to validate relationship accident direct cost model towards its observable cost components. Besides, this paper also proposes direct to indirect cost ratio based on accident cost range, accident scenario and impact of accident. Basically, accident cost can be categorized into two distinct categories which are direct and indirect cost. A total of 342 cases have been acquired for this study and recorded cases only cover temporary disability with more than one day of MC. Data is gathered from six types of sectors from manufacturing industry in Malaysia by using local specific method. The validity of direct cost model is tested by using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) while indirect to indirect cost ratio is developed based on following aspects: (1) Accident cost range; (2) Accident scenario; and (3) Impact of accident.  Proven direct cost model and direct to indirect cost ratio proposed would give a better insight to the relevant stakeholder in quantifying the occupational accident cost which may assist them in making necessary changes in order to avoid occurrence of similar accident in the future.

Accident cost estimation become more important since it may cause financial implication to the company. However, there are no consensus between researchers in classifying direct cost component. The objective of this study is to evaluate direct cost model of occupational accident cost by using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) method. There are three cost components proposed for direct cost estimation which are medical cost, rehabilitation cost and compensation cost. Local specific approach (by reviewing previous accident record in the company) is adopted in data collection process and only accidents occurred between 2008 and 2013 were considered in this study. There are 344 cases in total which came from six different sectors in manufacturing industry. For each occupational accident, the site safety officer in charge, human resource and account department officer were interviewed in order to estimate the direct cost. Then, the relationship between three observed variables for direct cost is evaluated by using CFA. The CFA result shows that the occupational accident direct cost model has acceptable goodness of fit that proved relationship between three observed variables (medical, rehabilitation and compensation cost) and its latent construct. In conclusion, the model justify that direct cost consists of three components, which are medical cost, rehabilitation cost and compensation cost.

Kertas kerja ini mengillustrasikan applikasi reka bentuk eksperimen dalam industri pemprosesan suntikan plastik untuk salah satu komponen penyaman udara. Objektif utama reka bentuk eksperimen ini ialah untuk mengenal pasti parameter mesin suntikan plastik dan seterusnya menentukan paras optima mesin yang mempengaruhi karekteristik output, iaitu short–shot. Reka bentuk factorial penuh telah dipilih untuk kajian ini dengan mengenal pasti lima mesin parameter, iaitu backpressure, screw rotation speed, spear temperature, monifold temperature, dan holding pressure transfer. Keputusan kajian telah dapat mengenal pasti mesin parameter yang mempengaruhi karekteristik output dan mesin parameter signifikasi tersebut telah dianalisa melalui model regrasi. Kata kunci: Reka bentuk eksperimen, mesin suntikan plastik, analisa varian, analisa regrasi This paper illustrates an application of design of experimental (DOE) approach in an industrial setting for identifying the critical factors affecting a plastic injection molding process of a certain component for aircond assembly. A critical to quality (CTQ) of interest is reducing process defects, namely short–shot. A full factorial design was employed to study simultaneously the effect of five injection molding process parameters. The five process parameters are backpressure, screw rotation speed, spear temperature, manifold temperature, and holding pressure transfer. Finally, the significant process parameters influencing the short–shot defect have been found. Empirical relationship between CTQ and the significant process parameters were formulated using regression analysis. Key words: Design of experiments, injection molding, analysis of variance (ANOVA), regression analysis

Occupational injury has sparked more concern to the manufacturing industry since it may give an impact to the organization especially on financial viewpoint. However, there is lack of consensus between researchers in identifying occupational accident indirect cost components. This study proposed an assessment of the indirect cost model by using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). In total, there are 344 cases (which occurred between 2008 and 2013) were considered in developing the model and those cases were obtained from six different sectors in manufacturing industry. Data collection process involves reviewing previous accident record in that particular company. Besides, several interview sessions with site safety officers, representatives from human resource and account department, supervisors and operators were conducted in order to estimate each of indirect cost components. Both approaches also known as local specific approach. Then, CFA is performed to validate the model proposed by examining the relationship between observed variable and its latent construct. The observed variables are productivity loss, worker replacement cost, administration and legal cost, investigation cost, machine and equipment damage cost and product damage cost whereas latent construct used in this study is accident indirect cost. The CFA result shows that the occupational accident indirect cost model has acceptable goodness of fit. In conclusion, indirect cost components are productivity loss, worker replacement cost, administration and legal cost, investigation cost, machine and equipment damage cost and product damage cost.