Purpose Higher institutions in Nigeria have witnessed an increase in the number of student enrolments; Northern Nigerian universities are not excluded. As the number of students increases, so do their needs in terms of facilities such as lecture halls, libraries, laboratories, accommodation, studios, furniture and other auxiliary facilities services (among others things). The purpose of this study is to explore the structural characteristics of building features’ performance and to statistically group them into building components (dependent) and physical and non-physical building features (independent) constructs, relating to influence of facilities’ performance in student satisfaction in Northern Nigerian universities. Design/methodology/approach Questionnaires used were designed to collect data on both academic facilities, based on student experience and satisfaction with respect to physical and non-physical facilities. The school building assessment method questionnaire by Sanoff (2001) was adapted. Hence, the validity and reliability of measures was examined via academicians and data analysis with statistical package of social science (SPSS) version 22. In general, the values of alpha coefficients were above 0.80. Findings The result of exploratory factor analysis revealed that all factors loaded more than 0.61. In conclusion, the results indicated acceptable factor loadings and effective grouping of the features according to the conceptualised framework for the building component. A hypothetical model of building components was then proposed, suggesting the effects of physical and non-physical building features on building components. Research limitations/implications This research has been applied to a Northern Nigerian university. The research should be expanded to other institutions offering higher education. Practical implications Based on a conceptual framework, the study gives practical insights concerning the performance of building component as a key success factor for higher education institutions’ (HEIs) facilities. Originality/value Therefore, the need to develop and improve instruments that will reflects facilities performance for students satisfaction in Nigerian universities became paramount. Thus there is lack of an integrating framework for facilities performance as well as students satisfaction and experience in the context of Nigerian HEIs, especially in the region of northern Nigeria.

Channa striatus has been consumed for decades as a remedy to promote wound healing by women during postpartum period. The objectives of this study were to compare postoperative pain, wound healing based on wound evaluation scale (WES), wound cosmetic appearance based on visual analogue scale (VAS) scores and patient satisfaction score (PSS), and safety profiles between C. striatus group and placebo group after six weeks of lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) delivery. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted. Subjects were randomised in a ratio of 1 : 1 into either the C. striatus group (500 mg daily) or placebo group (500 mg of maltodextrin daily). 76 subjects were successfully randomised, with 38 in the C. striatus group and 35 in the placebo group. There were no significant differences in postoperative pain (p = 0.814) and WES (p = 0.160) between the C. striatus and placebo groups. However, VAS and PSS in the C. striatus group were significantly better compared with the placebo group (p = 0.014 and p < 0.001, resp.). The safety profiles showed no significant differences between the groups. In conclusion, six-week supplementation of 500 mg of C. striatus extract showed marked differences in wound cosmetic appearance and patient's satisfaction and is safe for human consumption.

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Purpose The role of institutional facilities is of paramount importance to ensure quality of teaching and learning with respect to achieving quality of education in any given higher educational institutions (HEIs). The purpose of this paper is to determine the performance of physical and non-physical facilities of higher institutional facilities. Design/methodology/approach The data were collected from respondents using a closed-end questionnaire. In total, 1,000 questionnaires were administered to students and 735 were returned and valid for analysis. Partial least squares-structural equation modelling was adopted for analysis. Findings It was found that the exogenous constructs [physical facilities (PPE) and non-physical facilities (PNE)] scored 32.7 per cent (R2 = 0.327) of the variance of the facility’s performance. It was also found that the physical facility is the most significant factor that determines facility performance. Research limitations/implications This paper is limited to investigating the performance of physical and non-physical facilities; it is not in any way a measure for the students’ views about other services offered by the institutions. Future research is needed to use relevant information from HEIs’ facilities for validating factors that determine the facility’s performance. Practical implications Physical facility was identified as the most influencing factor that determines the facility performance based on the information provided by respondents. This research should help the facility management department at HEIs when designing the academic facility management. The study will also serve as a yardstick for the Federal Ministry of Education, the National University Commission in academic facility accreditation. This paper contributes to both the body of knowledge in facility management by considering the performance of facilities at HEIs. Originality/value This paper demonstrates the duality of HEIs’ facilities into physical and non-physical facilities and their distinct contribution to the overall facility’s performance.

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