Antibacterial packaging materials can reduce the microbial contamination of food surfaces. In this study, magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles were synthesized and then coated with cetrimonium bromide (CTAB). CTAB-modified MgO (MgO@CTAB) was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis. Then, different loadings of MgO@CTAB were mixed with poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) by melt compounding. The results showed that the addition of MgO@CTAB deteriorated the thermal stability of PBAT due to MgO serving as a catalyst to promote the thermal degradation of PBAT. In addition, MgO@CTAB could serve as a nucleating agent to improve the crystallinity of PBAT. With the optimal 3 wt% of MgO@CTAB, the tensile strength of PBAT/MgO@CTAB increased from 26.66 to 29.90 MPa, with a slight enhancement in elongation at break. SEM observations and dynamical rheological measurements revealed that aggregation occurred when the content of MgO@CTAB exceeded 5 wt%. The presence of MgO@CTAB endowed PBAT with antibacterial properties. The bacterial inhibition zone increased with the increasing content of MgO@CTAB. In addition, MgO@CTAB had a better antibacterial efficiency against Gram-positive bacterial S. aureus than Gram-negative bacterial E. coli.

In order to ease the white pollution problem, biodegradable packaging materials are highly demanded. In this work, the biodegradable poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/MXene (PBAT/Ti3C2TX) composite casting films were fabricated by melt mixing. Then, the obtained PBAT/Ti3C2TX composite casting films were biaxially stretched at different stretching ratios so as to reduce the water vapor permeability rate (WVPR) and oxygen transmission rate (OTR). It was expected that the combination of Ti3C2TX nanosheets and biaxial stretching could improve the water vapor and oxygen barrier performance of PBAT films. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation showed that the Ti3C2TX nanosheets had good compatibility with the PBAT matrix. The presence of Ti3C2TX acted as a nucleating agent to promote the crystallinity when the content was lower than 2 wt%. The mechanical tests showed that the incorporation of 1.0 wt% Ti3C2TX improved the tensile stress, elongation at break, and Young’s modulus of the PBAT/Ti3C2TX nanocomposite simultaneously, as compared with those of pure PBAT. The mechanical dynamical tests showed that the presence of Ti3C2TX significantly improved the storage modulus of the PBAT nanocomposite in a glassy state. Compared with pure PBAT, PBAT-1.0 with 1.0 wt% Ti3C2TX exhibited the lowest OTR of 782 cc/m2·day and 10.2 g/m2·day. The enhancement in gas barrier properties can be attributed to the presence of Ti3C2TX nanosheets, which can increase the effective diffusion path length for gases. With the biaxial stretching, the OTR and WVPR of PBAT-1.0 were further reduced to 732 cc/m2·day and 6.5 g/m2·day, respectively. The PBAT composite films with enhanced water vapor and water barrier performance exhibit a potential application in green packaging.

The crystal structure changes of PA510 films during uniaxially stretching at 80°C, 110°C, 140°C and 170°C had been investigated as a function of stretching ratio and stretching rate. The stress–strain relationship curves showed that the stress of the PA510 films gradually increased when the stretching ratio increased. The wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction results verified that only one distinct equator reflection of stretched films was clearly identified at 80°C, 110°C and 140°C, namely γ(100) at 2θ = 20.6°. However, when the stretching temperature reached 170°C, the γ(004), γ(006) and γ(008) crystal form appeared in the meridional direction at λ = 12. Combined with differential scanning calorimeter analysis, it was found that the Xc increased from 7% to 40% as a result of the strain induced crystallization phenomenon and the stretching promoted the appearance of γ crystal form. In addition, the increase in the crystallinity and the molecular chain orientation increased the strength of the PA510 films in the tensile direction. And it also found that the microcracks occurred in the stretched films at high stretching ratio (λ = 12).