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This article assumes that the crude oil in the oil tank of the sunken ship is completely solidified, has high viscosity, and loses fluidity before heating. Based on ANSYS software, a three-dimensional numerical model of the sunken oil tank was constructed, and the numerical study of the heating process of high-viscosity crude oil in the sunken oil tank was carried out. According to the theory of heat transfer, the changes in the solid-liquid interface and the flow characteristics of the oil during the heating process of high-viscosity crude oil are analyzed to obtain the heat transfer characteristics during the heating process. Studies have shown that the heat transfer method at the initial stage of heating is mainly heat conduction, as the highly viscous crude oil continues to melt, the influence of natural convection gradually strengthens. This research can provide relevant theoretical basis for the underwater oil pumping work of salvaging sunken ships.