Endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plants are important for production of antibiotics. They can produce secondary metabolites with diverse structures and activities. Debregeasia salicifolia is a plant of medicinal importance, and no report exists regarding isolation of endophytic fungi from it. This study was focused to isolate and identify culturable endophytic fungi from foliar parts of D. salicifolia and to determine their bioactivities. Molecular analysis resulted in identification of Fusarium fujikuroi, Aspergillus tubingensis and Rhizopus oryzae based on specific internal transcribed spacer primer (ITS1/ ITS4). Our analysis revealed that all fungal endophytes possess antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Grampositive bacteria. Remarkably, Rhizopus oryzae at a concentration of 5 mg/mL efficiently restricted the growth of ATCC strain of E. coli in comparison with positive control ciprofloxacin. Rhizopus oryzae and F. fujikuroi at a concentration of 1000 µg/ml exhibited maximum antioxidant activity of 45% and 44%, respectively. They also showed antifungal activity ranging from 60 to 75% against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. Our analysis of the fungal extracts through GC-MS indicated the presence of 21 compounds of diverse nature and structure. In conclusion, our study highlighted the potential of D. salicifolia to host a plethora of fungal endophytes that secrete potentially therapeutic bioactive metabolites

Endophytes are microorganisms residing within plant tissues. Bacterial endophytes are important sources for production of pharmaceutically important metabolites. Berberis lycium is an important medicinal plant and there exist no report regarding isolation and determination of bioactive potential of its bacterial endophytes. Therefore the present study was aimed to isolate and identify bacterial endophytes from Berberis lycium. The study resulted in isolation of 20 strains of bacterial endophytes. Based on their antibacterial activity three strains were identified as Bacillus cereus (LBL6), Bacillus thuringiensis (SBL3) and Bacillus anthracis (SBL4) on basis of 16SrRNA gene using universal primers. Crude ethyl acetate extracts of LBL6, SBL3 and SBL4 were further evaluated for antioxidant and antifungal activities. Moderate antioxidant activity (56 %) at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL was observed for LBL6 followed by 45 and 43 % activity by SBL4 and SBL3 respectively. Significant antifungal activity was observed against Aspergillus niger (60 %) and Aspergillus flavus (56 %) at concentration of 4 mg/mL of SBL3 and SBL4 respectively. GCMS analysis of extract (LBL6) exhibited presence of 12 bioactive secondary metabolites corresponding to antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, antitumor and anticancer activities . In conclusion, present study highlighted the importance of Berberis lycium to host diverse bacterial endophytes of pharmaceutical importance.