Objective: Averrhoa bilimbi is a plant that is used as a food spice and traditional medicine in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to obtain a gel formula and measure its activity in inhibiting the growth of skin bacteria, namely Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: The gel formulation was tested organoleptically, homogeneity, pH, dispersibility test, and skin irritation test. Antibacterial activity test using agar diffusion method, inhibition of bacterial growth was compared with clindamycin as a positive control. Results: All gel formulations showed good homogeneity, pH of the preparations ranged from 4.5 to 6.1, the dispersion test was 5.5-6.5 cm, and none of them caused irritation to the skin. The results of the inhibitory activity against the growth of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria on concentrations 10, 15, and 20% were 16.67 + 0.40, 22.70 + 0.32 and 28.10 + 0.36 and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were 18.53 + 0.22, 24.16 + 0.29 and 30.40 + 0.4.  The inhibitory activity of clindamycin against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were 35.33+0.29 and 36.30+0.37. Conclusion: Ethyl acetate extract gel Averrhoa bilimbi had good activity in inhibiting the growth of Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and has the potential to be used as an herbal anti-acne drug.

Cholesterol (Dachryanus, dkk., 2007).Setiap lipoprotein memiliki fungsi masingmasing, seperti kilomikron berfungsi untuk mengangkut kolesterol yang baru saja dibentuk dalam usus halus, VLDL berfungsi untuk membawa kolesterol yang telah dikeluarkan oleh hati ke jaringan otot untuk disimpan sebagai cadangan energi, LDL untuk mengangkut kolesterol didalam plasma darah dan keperluan pertukaran zat. Hanya saja dalam menjalankan fungsinya partikel LDL ini mudah sekali menempel dalam dinding pembuluh darah koroner, sehingga dapat menimbulkan plak aterosklerosis (timbunan lemak pada dinding pembuluh darah). HDL adalah merupakan kolesterol baik, karena fungsinya untuk menangkap kolesterol dalam keadaan bebas untuk diangkut kembali ke dalam hati (Nurwahyunani, 2006).Pemanfaatan bahan alam yaitu tanaman herbal yang tidak hanya menyembuhkan penyakit, tetapi juga dapat memperbaiki jaringan tubuh yang rusak (Winarto, 2003). Obat herbal relatif tidak memiliki efek samping, harganya juga relatif murah dan mudah dibudidayakan sendiri.Daun dan buah alpukat mengandung saponin, alkaloid, flavonoid, polifenol dan quersetin sedangkan biji buah alpukat diketahuimengandung flavonoid, tanin,kuinon, polifenol, triterpenoid, saponin, monoterpenoid dan seskuiterpenoid (Monica, 2006). Diantara zat-zat tersebut flavonoid merupakan zat yang paling efektif menurunkan

Indonesia is one of the wealthiest countries in biological resources that have potential as medicinal plants. Medicinal plants can be an alternative in treating diseases such as urinary tract problems by the people of eastern Indonesia. The study aims to evaluate the use of medicinal plants for various urinary tract problems in east Indonesia, including their efficacy and safety based on the literature review. This research was conducted by interview method and field survey. The data were collected from traditional health practitioners in eastern Indonesia. Data were analyzed using Frequency of Citation (FC) and the Use value (UV). The results showed a total of 222 plants species belonging to 78 families were identified for treating urinary tract problems in east Indonesia. The most prevalent of these was the Euphorbiaceae family. The species which had the highest value were Orthosiphon aristatus (FC 12.52%, UV 0.31), Sericocalyx crispus (FC 7.80%; UV 0.19), Phyllanthus niruri (FC 6.35%; UV 0.16) were the vast majority commonly used plant species in the treatment of urinary tract problems. The most common parts used were leaves (44.87%) and herbs (10.66%). The ethnomedicinal flora in east Indonesia is quite diverse for treating urinary tract problems.

ABSTRACT   Watermelon is one of the fruits that are in abundance in the dry season, especially on the island of Lombok. This abundant availability sometimes makes watermelons become waste. One way to take advantage of unsold watermelons so that they do not have to become waste is to extract the antioxidant compounds found in watermelons. The antioxidant compound found in watermelon is lycopene. Lycopene is an antioxidant compound that has many benefits, especially in controlling free radicals in the body. Also, lycopene is useful for preventing cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and, cancer. Lycopene extraction in watermelon fruit waste was carried out by the liquid-liquid method, using Hexane and Ethanol as a solvent with a ratio of 2:1. The purpose of this study was to determine the lycopene content in watermelon waste based on the ratio of feed and solvents (F/S), as well as time and temperature. The ratio of F/S used is 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5 extraction temperature (30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90) o C while the time used (30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120) minutes. Based on the analysis using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry, it is known that the optimum conditions for lycopene content are in the F/S ratio of 1:4 at 70oC and 90 minutes. The lycopene content obtained was 3, 1595 mg/100gram.   Keywords: antioxidant, extraction, lycopene, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, watermelon     ABSTRAK   Semangka merupakan salah satu buah-buahan yang stoknya melimpah di musim kemarau terutama di pulau Lombok. Ketersediaan yang melimpah tersebut terkadang membuat buah semangka menjadi limbah. Salah satu cara memanfaatkan buah semangka yang tidak laku terjual agar tidak harus menjadi limbah adalah dengan mengekstrak senyawa antioksidan yang terdapat pada buah semangka. Senyawa antioksidan yang terdapat pada buah semangka berupa Likopen. Likopen merupakan senyawa antioksidan yang memiliki banyak sekali manfaat terutama dalam mengendalikan radikal bebas dalam tubuh. Selain itu Likopen juga bermanfaat mencegah penyakit cardiovascular, kencing manis, hingga kanker. Ekstraksi Likopen pada limbah buah semnagka ini dilakukan dengan metode cair-cair, dengan menggunakan Heksana dan Ethanol sebagai pelarut (solvent) dengan jumlah perbandingan 2:1. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan likopen yang terdapat pada limbah buah semangka berdasarkan perbandingan bahan dan pelarut (F/S), serta waktu dan suhu. Adapun perbandingan F/S yang digunakan yaitu 1:1, 1;2, 1;3, 1:4, 1:5 suhu ekstraksi (30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 dan 90)oC sedangkan waktu yang digunakan (30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120). Berdasarkan hasil analisa dengan menggunakan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis diketahui bahwa kondisi optimum kandungan Likopen berada pada perbandingan F/S 1:4 pada suhu 700C dan waktu 90 menit. Kandungan Likopen yang didapatkan sebesar 3,1595 mg/100gram.   Kata kunci: antioksidan, ekstraksi, likopen, semangka, spectrofotometri UV-Vis