Introduction: As tuberculosis (TB) endemic country, TB becomes a community health problem in Indonesia. Data from the Global TB Report in 2016 showed that Indonesia is the second most country with TB burden after India. WHO and the Ministry of Health issue a TB prevention program based on the End TB Strategy aimed to reduce morbidity, mortality, and disability due to TB. One of the challenges faced in the management of TB is the side effects of the anti-tuberculosis drug. Hepatotoxicity is the most common side effect. Aims: This study aims to determine the prevalence and onset of anti-TB drug-induced hepatotoxicity in TB patients after receiving the anti-TB drug in Wangaya Hospital Denpasar Bali. Method: This study used a cross-sectional method by obtaining secondary data of pulmonary TB patients visiting the pulmonary clinic in Wangaya General Hospital from January to December 2016. Result: Of 77 subjects, fifty-six percent of them were men. The highest prevalence was found in the 41-50 years age group (26.9%), while the lowest was found in the 81-90 years age group (1.2%). Anti-TB drug-induced hepatotoxicity occurred in 6.5% of subjects. The most frequent onset of hepatotoxicity occurred within the second week of medication. Anti-TB drug-induced hepatotoxicity occurred in 6.5% of subjects. The most frequent onset of hepatotoxicity occurred within the second week of medication. Conclusion: Based on this study, we suggest a liver function test before and after two weeks of an anti-TB drug.
Pendahuluan: Fistula tracheoesophageal (TEF) merupakan kasus yang jarang terjadi, tetapi banyak penyebab termasuk imunosupresi akibat infeksi HIV. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dapat menyebabkan peningkatan insidennya. Pemahaman mengenai kondisi HIV ini memungkinkan kita untuk dapat menegakkan diagnosis yang cepat dan akurat, sehingga dapat memberikan pengobatan yang tepat. Laporan kasus: Laki-laki berusia 30 tahun dengan HIV diantar ke RS dengan rasa sakit saat menelan, batuk terus-menerus dengan dahak kuning kecoklatan, dan tersedak saat menelan. Foto toraks menunjukkan atelektasis paru kiri dan bronkiektasis. Endoskopi menunjukkan 2 fistula pada dinding anterior 20 cm dari gigi seri. Bronkoskopi mengkonfirmasi fistula pada trakea posterior pada cincin ke-4 dengan semburan nanah. Jaringan ikat fibrosa dengan sel inflamasi kronis ditemukan pada biopsi trakea. ART, penutupan fistula, dan gastrostomi dilakukan, ditutup 1 tahun kemudian. Setelah itu dilakukan torakotomi pro pneumektomi. Nyeri saat menelan, batuk terus-menerus, dan dahak berwarna kuning kecoklatan merupakan manifestasi dari TEF. Diagnosis dipastikan melalui bronkoskopi yang menunjukkan fistula pada trakea posterior setinggi ring 4 disertai pecahnya sputum. Penatalaksanaan TEF meliputi terapi konservatif atau persiapan pra operasi (TPN, ART, NGT, dan / atau PEG) serta pembedahan. Pembedahan dilakukan untuk menutup fistula dan gastronomi akibat infeksi sebagai etiologinya. Kesimpulan: TEF merupakan komplikasi yang jarang terjadi pada pasien HIV, prognosisnya tidak baik.
Background: Many obstacles are commonly found in diagnosing tuberculosis in HIV patients, increasing the risk of morbidity and mortality in patients. This study aimed to assess the association of several clinical, laboratory and radiological parameters to pulmonary TB status in adult HIV patients.Method: This was an observational analytic study with cross-sectional design conducted in Bali from January to June 2021, involved patients with HIV. Bivariate analysis was performed with chi-square, while multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression. The adjusted odds ratio indicates the association of each parameter with pulmonary TB status and used as the base to compile a score for adult TB.Results : From 105 subjects, 92 subjects met the research requirements. The results of the multivariate analysis obtained several significant variables (p < 0.05); cough (OR: 17.0), shortness of breath (OR: 21.0), fever (OR: 20,0), weight loss (OR: 5.5), night sweats (OR: 31.6), chest radiograph (OR: 80.0), geneXpert (OR: 27.8), neutrophils (OR: 6.2), NLR (OR: 10.7), MLR (OR: 11.3) and ESR (OR: 11.9). The results of pulmonary TB scoring in adult HIV patients with a value of > 55 indicate pulmonary TB and < 55 non-pulmonary TB with a significant validity test result (p-value < 0.001).Conclusion: Clinical, laboratory and radiological parameters have a significant relationship with TB status in adult HIV patients and can be used as complements to the gold standard if the results of the XpertMtb examination are doubtful or not in accordance with the patient's clinical course.
Hubungan antara diabetes mellitus (DM) dan tuberkulosis (TB) adalah saling berkaitan, karena DM tidak hanya meningkatkan risiko TB aktif tetapi juga mempengaruhi hasil pengobatan. Beban penyakit TB, terutama di negara berkembang, tetap tinggi meskipun telah dilakukan berbagai upaya pencegahan. Diabetes mellitus yang menyebabkan imunosupresi semakin diakui sebagai faktor risiko independen untuk TB. Diabetes mellitus meningkatkan risiko berkembangnya TB dua hingga tiga kali lipat dan juga meningkatkan risiko kegagalan pengobatan TB, kekambuhan, dan kematian. Diabetes juga dapat menyebabkan penyakit parah, reaktivasi fokus TB yang tidak aktif, dan hasil pengobatan TB yang buruk. Beberapa obat antituberkulosis yang biasa digunakan secara terpisah dapat menyebabkan gangguan toleransi glukosa. Skrining tuberkulosis pada penderita diabetes telah direkomendasikan, tetapi memerlukan bukti nyata mengingat efektivitas biaya dan manfaatnya. Kata Kunci: diabetes mellitus, hubungan kausal, tuberkulosis
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