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Aim Geological and fossil records are critical for historical biogeography studies. A plant fossil assemblage from a small, well-dated, transient late Palaeocene island was re-investigated with regard to regional geology and vicariance versus dispersal hypotheses.

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DSDP Sites 327, 328, and 330 in the South Atlantic on the Falkland Plateau yielded suites of well-preserved palynomorphs (spores, pollen, dinoflagellates, acritarchs, and tasmanitids) from Late Jurassic to early Tertiary sediments. The oldest sediments recorded are from Site 330 and are of Oxfordian age. These sediments are separated from those of the late Neocomian to Aptian by an appreciable hiatus. At both Sites 327 and 330 the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous sediments are marginal marine and were deposited under reducing euxinic conditions. Palynomorph assemblages are dominated by terrestrial components. Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary sediments at Sites 327 and 328, on the other hand, reflect deep water environments, and the assemblages are dominated by dinoflagellate cysts. A comparison of Early Cretaceous assemblages from Site 249, Mozambique Ridge (Indian Ocean) supports continental reconstructions which would place this site near those on the Falkland Plateau. There is a very strong southern hemisphere component in all assemblages, but the marine elements in particular show marked similarity with those of Western Australia and the Indian Ocean, implying a southern Atlantic circulation linked with that of the Indian Ocean.