The vegetation of Tertiary islands on the Ninetyeast Ridge

Tectonics of the Indonesian region

“…The ridge is about 200 km wide, and most of it has crestal depths between 1,500 and 3,000 m and stands 2,000-4,000 m above the flanking basin floors (figs. 21, 22, 23 Kemp and Harris, 1975;Luyendyk and Davies, 1973 Luyendyk and Davies, 1973;Pimm and others, 1974). In hole 214, the Paleocene sediments are nonmarine volcaniclastic strata bearing temperate-climate pollen, and shallow-marine strata with temperate-water benthonic foraminifera, beneath Eocene strata deposited in deeper, warmer water, so long-distance northward plate motion is indicated (Kemp and Harris, 1975;Pimm and others, 1974).…”

Pollen of the Asteraceae from the Paleocene-Eocene of South Africa

“…(1977), and Kemp & Harris (1975, however, opted for an Upper Cretaceous origin for the family, accepting many of the reports of pre-Oligocene asteraceous pollen at face value. Turner (1977) considered the Upper Cretaceous origin important to explaining the cosmopolitan distribution of asteraceous taxa as a vicariance event (in part).…”

“…There are reports of Eocene Asteraceae pollen from Egypt (Kedves 1971) and Afghanistan (Lang & Meon-Vilian 1976), which may be the oldest record of pollen of the Asteraceae, however, these reports are uncon®rmed by detailed morphological investigation. There are other reports of pre-Oligocene dispersed asteraceous pollen (Turner 1977, Kemp & Harris 1975, however, Muller (1981) rejects these as being unreliable. Dettmann & Jarzen (1988) report the occurrence of the genus Tubuli¯oridites from the Upper Cretaceous of Australia and Antarctica, however, these taxa, although morphologically assignable to this form genus, lack the characteristics that permit their unequivocal association with the Asteraceae.…”

When did the mistletoe family Loranthaceae become extinct in Tasmania? Review and conjecture

“…Examples are the nowsubmerged Ninetyeast Ridge in the remote Indian Ocean where Gothanipollis cf. gothani occurs in Oligocene sediments (see Kemp and Harris 1975), and the summits of mountains in tropical South America, where Loranthaceae pollen has been recovered from modern snow samples (see Reese et al 2003). …”