Visible light communication (VLC) is an advanced, highly developed optical wireless communication (OWC) technology that can simultaneously provide lighting and high-speed wireless data transmission. A VLC system has several key advantages: ultra-high data rate, secure communication channels, and a lack of interference from electromagnetic (EM) waves, which enable a wide range of applications. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been considered the optimal choice for VLC systems since they can provide excellent illumination performance. However, the quantum confinement Stark effect (QCSE), crystal orientation, carrier lifetime, and recombination factor will influence the modulation bandwidth, and the transmission performance is severely limited. To solve the insufficient modulation bandwidth, micro-LEDs (μ-LEDs) and laser diodes (LDs) are considered as new ideal light sources. Additionally, the development of modulation technology has dramatically increased the transmission capacity of the system. The performance of the VLC system is briefly discussed in this review article, as well as some of its prospective applications in the realms of the industrial Internet of Things (IoT), vehicle communications, and underwater wireless network applications.

Abstrak: Rodent tergolong dalam kumpulan Rodentia yang terdiri daripada tiga Famili di Borneo (Contoh: Muridae, Sciuridae dan Hystricidae). Ini termasuk tikus, tupai dan juga landak. Golongan ini tersebar di serata dunia dan dianggap sebagai haiwan perosak yang mengancam manusia dan haiwan ternakan. Sebahagian spesies rodent adalah sumber pembawa jangkitan Hantavirus (Famili: Bunyaviridae) yang menyebabkan penyakit zoonotik kepada manusia. Walaupun serum manusia pernah dilaporkan seropositif pada Hantavirus di Semenanjung Malaysia pada awal tahun 1980, informasi tentang jangkitan pada spesies rodent di Malaysia masih kekurangan. Populasi rodent di kawasan perumahan dan kawasan hutan di Sarawak telah disampel. Sejumlah 108 individu daripada 15 spesies telah ditangkap di kawasan perumahan (n = 44) dan kawasan hutan (n = 64). Kepelbagaian rodent di kawasan hutan secara signifikan lebih tinggi (H = 2.2342) berbanding rodent di kawasan perumahan (H = 0.64715) (p < 0.001 ujian Zar-t berdasarkan indeks Shannon). Rattus rattus dan Sundamys muelleri amat kerap dijumpai di kedua dua lokaliti. Ujian imunosorben taut-enzim (ELISA) menunjukkan antibodi kursus kepada Hantavirus tidak dapat dikesan daripada 53 sampel serum yang telah diuji. Ini adalah laporan pertama tentang seroprevalensi hantavirus di Sarawak, Malaysia Timur. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa penyebaran Hantavirus tidak berada dalam populasi tikus yang ditangkap di Sarawak, melainkan jika pengesanan di bawah prevalensi rendah iaitu di bawah tahap ambang. Kajian lebih lanjut seperti pengesanan molekul pada komponen viral genetik diperlukan untuk menilai sepenuhnya risiko jangkitan Hantavirus pada rodent dan juga manusia dalam kawasan kajian ini, di Malaysia.Kata kunci: ELISA, Hantavirus, Mamalia Kecil Bukan Terbang, Rodents, Seroprevalensi Abstract: Rodents belong to the order Rodentia, which consists of three families in Borneo (i.e., Muridae, Sciuridae and Hystricidae). These include rats, mice, squirrels, and porcupines. They are widespread throughout the world and considered pests that harm humans and livestock. Some rodent species are natural reservoirs of hantaviruses (Family: Bunyaviridae) that can cause zoonotic diseases in humans. Although hantavirus * Corresponding author: ylchong@unimas.my

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