An experimental study was undertaken to study the tube-side evaporation heat transfer characteristics of enhanced tubes and compare their performance with that of smooth tubes. These experiments were conducted in order to determine how R410a evaporates inside smooth and enhanced tubes; for a saturation temperature of 279.15 K; with mass flux values that ranged from 50 to 250 kg/(m2·s); for an inlet quality of 0.2 and outlet quality of 0.8. Enhanced tubes evaluated include herringbone (HB) and helix (HX) designs with microgrooves, composite herringbone dimple (HB/D), composite herringbone hydrophobic (HB/HY), and composite EHT (multiple enhancement character) tubes. Experimental results show that the evaporation heat-transfer coefficient in the Cu-EHTb tube was the highest; its performance was closely related to the increased number of nucleation points that are found inside the tube; however, the performance of the SS-EHT-HB/D was not significantly higher than that of a smooth tube. The best overall capacity for evaporative heat transfer is shown in the SS-EHT-HB/HY and SS-EHT-HX tubes; the SS-EHT-HB/D, Cu-EHTa, and Cu-EHTb tubes had the worst overall capacity among all the tested tubes. Additionally, it was determined that previously reported smooth tube models to determine the evaporation heat transfer coefficient can accurately predict the heat transfer inside a smooth tube. However, when trying to utilize smooth tube models for enhanced tubes, the deviation between experimentally determined heat transfer coefficient (HTC) values and those predicted when using smooth tube models to predict enhanced tube results is ±30%; therefore, smooth tube models are not applicable for use with enhanced tubes. Smooth tube models were modified, and after correction, the deviation between experimentally determined heat transfer coefficient (HTC) values and those predicted when using the modified model for use with enhanced tubes is ±10%. Finally, the effect of the thermal resistance of the tube wall on the overall heat transfer coefficient of a stainless steel-enhanced tube is significant and cannot be overlooked.

A novel Palladium-Catalyzed decarboxylative O-allylation of phenols was developed, in which a γ-methylidene-δ- valerolactone (GMDVs) was found to be an efficient and selective allylation reagent, affording the target allyl phenyl...

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