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Microcontrollers are widely used in many handheld devices and embedded systems. Thus, low power, reliability, and robustness have been becoming the critical issues for these microcontrollers. Asynchronous circuits may be one of the best solutions to answer these problems. It is widely known that the 8051 processor is the most popular 8-bit microcontroller; however, because of its CISC nature, the pipeline is not very easy to implement, especially for asynchronous circuits. In this paper, we propose a novel pipelined asynchronous 8051 microcontroller. The design is implemented with Balsa language which is a CSP-based asynchronous HDL, and synthesized into Xilinx netlist by Balsa synthesis tool. The design is compared with synchronous ones with Xilinx FPGA.

This study mainly focuses on the estimation calculation of urban parking space. Urban parking has always been a problem that plagues governments worldwide. Due to limited parking space, if the parking space is not controlled correctly, with the city’s development, the city will eventually face the result that there is nowhere to park. In order to effectively manage the urban parking problem, using the dynamic parking fee pricing mechanism combined with the concept of shared parking is an excellent way to alleviate the parking problem, but how to quickly estimate the total number of available parking spaces in the area is a big problem. This study provides a fast parking space estimation method and verifies the feasibility of this estimation method through actual data from various types of fields. This study also comprehensively discusses the changing characteristics of parking space data in multiple areas and possible data anomalies and studies and explains the causes of data anomalies. The study also concludes with a description of potential applications of the predictive model in conjunction with subsequent dynamic parking pricing mechanisms and self-driving systems.