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BACKGROUND Safe and effective analgesia strategy remains one of the priorities for pediatric inguinal hernia treatment. AIM To explore safety and efficacy of dexmededomidine monotherapy for postoperative analgesia in children who received laparoscopic unilateral internal inguinal ring ligation. METHODS This randomized single-center controlled trial included 390 children (aged 1-3 years, ASA grade I-II), randomly divided into a dexmededomidine group (D group), a dexmededomidine + sufentanil group (DS group), and a sufentanil group (S group). The primary endpoint was percentage of children with the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) score ≤ 3 points 2 h after surgery. RESULTS The comparisons of the FLACC scores at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h were not significantly different among the three groups ( P > 0.05). The sedative effects in the D group were significantly better than those in the S group ( P > 0.05), but not significantly different from those in the DS group. The incidence of nausea and vomiting was significantly lower in the D group than in the S group and DS group ( P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Analgesic effects of dexmededomidine monotherapy are comparable to those of sufentanil alone or in combination with dexmededomidine for children who underwent laparoscopic unilateral internal inguinal ring ligation, with better sedative effects and a lower incidence of adverse events.

Tungsten has been chosen as one of the most promising candidates as the plasma-facing material in future fusion reactors. Although tungsten has numerous advantages compared with other materials, issues including dust are rather difficult to deal with. Dust is produced in fusion devices by energetic plasma-surface interaction. The re-deposition of dust particles could cause the retention of fuel atoms. In this work, tungsten is deposited with deuterium plasma by hollow cathode discharge to simulate the dust production in a tokamak. The morphology of the deposited tungsten can be described as a film with spherical particles on it. Thermal desorption spectra of the deposited tungsten show extremely high desorption of the peak positions. It is also found that there is a maximum retention of deuterium in the deposited tungsten samples due to the dynamic equilibrium of the deposition and sputtering process on the substrates.