Antioxidant action of Rosmarinic acid (Ros A), a natural phenolic ingredient in many Lamiaceae herbs such as Perilla frutescens, sage, basil and mint, was analyzed in relation to the Ikappa-B activation in RAW264.7 macrophages. Ros A inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein synthesis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and also effectively suppressed phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced superoxide production in RAW264.7 macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Peroxynitrite-induced formation of 3-nitrotyrosine in bovine serum albumin and RAW264.7 macrophages were also inhibited by Ros A. Moreover, Western blot analysis demonstrated that LPS-induced phosphorylation of Ikappa-Balpha was abolished by Ros A. Ros A can act as an effective protector against peroxynitrite-mediated damage, and as a potent inhibitor of superoxide and NO synthesis; the inhibition of the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are partly based on its ability to inhibit the serine phosphorylation of Ikappa-Balpha.

This paper outlines a compact annular-radial-orifice flow magnetorheological (MR) valve through theoretical calculation, simulation analysis and experiment verification. The fluid flow paths of this proposed MR valve consist of a single annular flow channel, a single radial flow channel and an orifice flow channel through structural design. The finite element modelling and analysis of the MR valve was carried out using ANSYS/Emag software, including achieving optimal magnetic field distribution and yield stress in the annular flow path and radial flow path, respectively. Moreover, this proposed MR valve was prototyped and evaluated experimentally, showing that the MR valve has significantly improved its efficiency, especially the pressure drop at the 1.0 mm width of annular resistance gap and 0.5 mm width of radial resistance gap.

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Among a subset of patients with PTC, cancer stem cells detected by immunohistochemistry can be used as prognostic markers to screen for potential tumor dissemination. Whether these cancer stem cell markers are potentially therapeutic targets - and, thus, could be used for effective adjuvant treatment strategies - remains to be seen, and more data are needed.

Objective. This study was aimed to create a large-scale laryngeal cancer relevant secretory/releasing protein database and further discover candidate biomarkers. Methods. Primary tissue cultures were established using tumor tissues and matched normal mucosal tissues collected from four laryngeal cancer patients. Serum-free conditioned medium (CM) samples were collected. These samples were then sequentially processed by SDS-PAGE separation, trypsin digestion, and LC-MS/MS analysis. The candidates in the database were validated by ELISA using plasma samples from laryngeal cancer patients, benign patients, and healthy individuals. Results. Combining MS data from the tumor tissues and normal tissues, 982 proteins were identified in total; extracellular proteins and cell surface proteins accounted for 15.0% and 4.3%, respectively. According to stringent criteria, 49 proteins were selected as candidates worthy of further validation. Of these, human tissue kallikrein 6 (KLK6) was verified. The level of KLK6 was significantly increased in the plasma samples from the cancer cohort compared to the benign and healthy cohorts and moreover showed a slight decrease in the postoperative plasma samples in comparison to the preoperative plasma samples. Conclusions. This laryngeal cancer-derived protein database provides a promising repository of candidate blood biomarkers for laryngeal cancer. The diagnostic potential of KLK6 deserves further investigation.