Resveratrol (RES) is a natural polyphenol with a variety of health beneficial properties, but its application is greatly limited due to low aqueous solubility and poor bioavailability. This study aims to address these issues via gliadin nanoparticles stabilized with oxidized chitin nanocrystals (O-ChNCs) as a delivery system for RES. RES-loaded gliadin nanoparticles (GRNPs) were fabricated by an antisolvent method, and their formation mechanism was elucidated using zeta-potential, FTIR, XRD, and TEM. Furthermore, the effect of O-ChNCs on the colloidal stability and bioactiveness of GRNPs was discussed. The results demonstrate that O-ChNCs are adsorbed onto the surface of GRNPs through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions, leading to the enhanced absolute potential and the improved hydrophobicity of the particles, which in turn facilitates the stability of the GRNPs. Furthermore, the changes in the release profile and antioxidant activity of RES in the simulated gastric and intestinal tracts indicate that the adsorption of O-ChNCs not only delays the release of RES but also has a protective effect on the antioxidant capacity of RES. This study provides significant implications for developing stable gliadin nanoparticles as delivery vehicles for bioactive substances.

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