Five-membered C,C-pallada(II)cycles
are a unique class of diorganopalladium species with favorable stability
and an electron-rich nature, leading to efficient sequential reactions
with diverse electrophiles and nucleophiles. Specifically, the development
of aryl-alkenyl-palladacycle-based transformations could provide an
attractive approach with regio- and stereocontrol for the construction
of multifunctionalized arylethylenes. However, currently, the C,C-pallada(II)cycle formation relies on
a rigid skeleton or steric congestion in the backbone to promote cyclopalladation,
and the formation of aryl-alkenyl-palladacycle without an α-substituent
has not been achieved. Furthermore, reactions that could discriminate
between the two sp2 carbon centers of such C(sp2),C(sp2)-palladacycle
remain elusive. Herein, we report a regioselective three-component
tandem alkylation/coupling reaction applicable for a variety of non-,
α-, or β-substituted and α,β-disubstituted ortho-iodophenylethylenes. Electron-rich 2-pyridone ligands
are employed to enable the cyclopalladation process leading to aryl-alkenyl-palladacycle
intermediates, of which the two C–Pd bonds are discriminated
toward alkylation by their inherent steric and electronic differences.
Good linear free-energy relationships between regio-/chemoselectivities
and Hammett σ values are observed.
A palladium-catalyzed alkyl C−H borylation with bromide as a traceless directing group is described, providing a convenient approach to access alkyl boronates bearing a β-allcarbon quaternary stereocenter. The protocol features a broad substrate scope, excellent site selectivity, and good functional group tolerance.
In the title compound, C30H20N2, the anthracene ring system is approximately planar [maximum deviation = 0.035 (2) Å] and is nearly perpendicular to the central pyridine ring, making a dihedral angle of 75.73 (7)°. The terminal pyridine ring and the phenyl ring are oriented at dihedral angles of 8.11 (10) and 13.22 (10)°, respectively, to the central pyridine ring.
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